영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere ①<u>is balanced</u> by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly ②<u>by replacing</u> fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, ③<u>minimizing</u> the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, ④<u>which involve</u> funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, ⑤<u>using it to avoid making</u> genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now ①purchases carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often ②functions as a convenient excuse for postponing genuine emission cuts rather than achieving them. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later ③burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly ④additional. Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses ⑤to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that ① gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness without ② disturbing the healing tissue. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly ③ weakening strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be ④ structurally fragile beneath it. Skipping the final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically ⑤ increases the risk of re-injury.

Rather than replacing human creativity outright, many artists, writers, and filmmakers have begun treating AI tools as an unusual kind of ① collaborator, one that generates dozens of rough options in the time it would take a person to sketch just one. A novelist might ask an AI model for ten possible opening lines and then ② discard nine, keeping only the phrase that sparks an idea worth developing further. A film composer might use an AI system to generate a rough melody, then rework it entirely by hand until it fits the emotional tone of a specific scene. What makes this collaboration work, according to many creators, is that the human remains firmly in charge of judgment and taste, using the AI's output as raw material rather than a ③ finished product. Critics ④ agree that this framing accurately captures the risk, since even a first draft ultimately shapes everything that follows it, a claim most creators find ⑤ reassuring.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump ① larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating ② fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much ③ lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity encourages the body to build new capillaries within muscle tissue, ④ worsening the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at a cellular level. Researchers have also found that regular aerobic exercise ⑤ reduces inflammation throughout the body and improves the way cells respond to insulin.

Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life is somehow inadequate. Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Researchers have found that frequent upward comparison online is linked to higher depression and anxiety. Consequently, this theory helps explain why ___________.

Modern sports wearables continuously collect data that would once have required a laboratory to measure, allowing coaches to detect early warning signs of overtraining, sometimes noticing a decline in performance before the athlete consciously feels tired. However, the flood of data has created a new challenge: _______________. Some researchers worry that casual users may misinterpret a single unusual reading as a serious problem, leading to needless anxiety rather than useful insight.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox. The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks. What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch: whenever a user marks a message as spam, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, _______________.

Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken, all powered by AI models trained to recognize facial features in real time. (A) Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: people increasingly compare their unfiltered reflection in a mirror to a filtered version of themselves seen constantly on a screen. (B) What began as a playful novelty has become a default setting for many users, subtly adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. (C) Some social media platforms have responded by labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape.

In response, some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions that are deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits. After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. ( ① ) Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users who watched similar content, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. ( ② ) This approach keeps viewers engaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in refining it. ( ③ ) The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. ( ④ ) These wildcard picks are meant to counteract this narrowing effect and keep recommendations from becoming too predictable. ( ⑤ )