영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

For most of last year, Junho ①refresh his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, ②often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began ④deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or ⑤having an uninterrupted conversation with his family.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to ①underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an ②idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too ③optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people ④rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more ⑤inaccurate.

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics question whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. Real accountability, according to many experts, requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. Ultimately, corporate responsibility should be treated as ___________.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. (A) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide. (B) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. (C) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them.

Online reviews have transformed the way consumers evaluate products before buying them. (A) Unfortunately, some of these reviews are not genuine, having been written by paid promoters rather than actual customers. (B) Shoppers now trust the opinions of strangers online almost as much as recommendations from friends or family. (C) For this reason, several platforms have started using technology to detect and remove suspicious reviews automatically.

The Zeigarnik effect has practical applications beyond the classroom and the restaurant industry. (A) This same tension applies to everyday tasks, since starting a small step can create a similar pull toward finishing. (B) Advertisers, for example, often design commercials that end abruptly, leaving viewers curious about the outcome. (C) For this reason, productivity experts often recommend beginning a task immediately, even for just a few minutes, rather than postponing it.

The psychological weight of that pressure can undermine skills that otherwise feel completely automatic in practice. Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment. ( ① ) Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes called choking under pressure. ( ② ) Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests is nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes to reinterpret the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, as signs of readiness rather than danger. ( ③ ) Structured breathing exercises and pre-performance routines also help athletes regain a sense of control before a decisive moment. ( ④ ) Over time, repeated exposure to high-pressure situations in practice, deliberately simulated to resemble real competition, allows athletes to build tolerance the same way their muscles adapt to physical training. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: The sudden attention was overwhelming, but it also opened doors she had never imagined. Soojin started posting short cooking videos on her phone during her last year of high school, never imagining it could become a career. ( ① ) At first, only a handful of friends watched her clips, and she nearly quit after several months without noticeable growth. ( ② ) She kept experimenting, however, adjusting her editing style and posting more consistently despite the discouraging numbers. Everything changed when one video demonstrating a simple recipe unexpectedly reached millions of viewers overnight. ( ③ ) Brands began contacting her, offering payment in exchange for featuring their products in future videos. ( ④ ) Within a year, Soojin was earning more from her online content than most entry-level jobs would have paid her. ( ⑤ ) Still, she quickly learned that being a creator demanded constant work, since algorithms rewarded frequent uploads and audiences expected fresh content daily.