영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

For centuries, dreams have fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, yet no single theory fully ① explains why the sleeping brain generates such vivid and often bizarre experiences. One prominent idea suggests that dreaming helps the brain process emotional experiences, ② replays difficult events in a safe, low-stakes environment so that their emotional intensity gradually fades. Another theory proposes that dreams serve a more practical function, ③ allowing the brain to rehearse responses to threats without any real danger. Still other researchers argue that dreaming is simply a byproduct of the brain organizing memories, with vivid imagery ④ arising as the mind sorts through the day's information rather than serving any independent purpose of its own. Because these theories rest on indirect evidence, none has ⑤ been conclusively proven.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries ①once thought to be uniquely human. Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and ②draft short stories within seconds. Some artists welcome this technology, ③used AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth ④that comes from genuine human experience. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI, rather than compete against it, may find themselves ⑤with a distinct advantage.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often ①feel distant and impersonal, posts ②creating by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, ③makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually ④tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers ⑤to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content.

An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly exposed to opinions that already ①match their own beliefs. This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to recommend content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually ②narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber ③frequently engage with viewpoints that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely ④unreasonable, having never seriously considered its arguments. Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often linked to this pattern of ⑤selective exposure.

Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment, and the psychological weight of that pressure can ① undermine skills that feel automatic in practice. Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety ② narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes called choking under pressure. Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests is nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes to ③ reinterpret the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, as signs of readiness rather than danger. Structured breathing exercises and pre-performance routines also help athletes ④ lose a sense of control before a decisive moment. Over time, repeated exposure to high-pressure situations in practice allows athletes to build tolerance, so that pressure gradually feels ⑤ familiar rather than overwhelming.

Insomnia is ① rarely caused by a single factor; it usually emerges from an interaction between psychological stress and physiological arousal that keeps the body from settling into sleep. A common trigger is what researchers call cognitive hyperarousal, in which the mind continues to race with worries about work, relationships, or even the inability to sleep itself, creating a frustrating cycle where anxiety about insomnia becomes a cause of insomnia. At the same time, the body's stress response system can become ② chronically activated, releasing hormones such as cortisol that keep heart rate and body temperature ③ depressed at night, both of which interfere with the natural drop in arousal needed to fall asleep. Poor sleep habits, including irregular bedtimes and excessive screen use before bed, can further ④ weaken the body's internal signals for sleep onset. Because these psychological and physiological factors ⑤ reinforce one another, effective treatment for chronic insomnia addresses both the racing mind and the underlying pattern of physical tension, rather than relying on medication alone.

Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially sensitive to. During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us alert and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep. Specialized cells in the retina detect blue light and send signals to the brain's internal clock, which results in _______________. Studies have found that people who scroll through their phones in bed before sleeping take longer to fall asleep and experience lighter, more easily disrupted sleep than those who avoid screens. Some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward warmer tones, reducing blue light output in the evening. While this feature may help slightly, sleep researchers generally recommend limiting screen use altogether in the hour before bedtime for the best results.

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the opposite approach. (A) This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help clear metabolic byproducts more efficiently than complete stillness does. (B) Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity does not meaningfully slow healing. (C) Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track. (A) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new. (B) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. (C) Professional musicians, however, remain divided, since a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects.

주어진 문장: In other words, those who did the least to cause the problem often end up paying the highest price for it. When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. ( ① ) However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed unevenly across the globe. ( ② ) Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. ( ③ ) This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. ( ④ ) For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.