영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry ①is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks ②that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about ③lose their jobs as automation spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may ④shrink significantly within the next two decades. New roles are also emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks and technicians ⑤who maintain the complex sensors these vehicles depend on.

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work ①safely alongside human employees. Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors to detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. Cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, while human workers focus on tasks that require ②judgment and fine motor skills. This division of labor increases overall ③efficiency, since each side contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report ④more workplace injuries, largely because employees no longer perform exhausting repetitive motions all day. As the technology becomes more affordable, smaller companies are also beginning to ⑤adopt cobots.

Automation is transforming labor markets more ①quickly than economists predicted a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms that assemble products with remarkable ②precision. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that never existed before, so technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high ③demand. Companies that invested early in automation often report steady increases in productivity, since machines handle repetitive tasks while employees focus on ④creative problem-solving. Without proper retraining support, the benefits of automation may not be shared fairly, ⑤narrowing inequality between skilled and unskilled labor.

The metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds, has begun to generate job opportunities that did not ①exist just a few years ago. Avatar designers create digital identities that represent users within these spaces, ②blending artistic skill with technical programming knowledge. Virtual event planners organize concerts, conferences, and product launches entirely within online platforms, reaching audiences that would be ③easy to gather in person. Some analysts remain skeptical, pointing out that the metaverse has not yet attracted the massive user base that early predictions promised. Nevertheless, major companies continue ④investing heavily in this technology, betting that virtual spaces will eventually become as ⑤significant as physical retail venues.

As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status have become increasingly urgent. Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, which means they lack access to minimum wage guarantees, paid sick leave, or unemployment insurance. Several countries have recently begun reconsidering their labor laws, proposing new categories that would ___________. Supporters of these reforms believe fair treatment and flexibility can coexist within the same system.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it ___________, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.

Personalized advertising has sparked an ongoing debate between technology companies and privacy advocates. (A) Privacy advocates, on the other hand, warn that constant tracking erodes users' control over their own personal information. (B) Technology companies argue that analyzing user data allows them to deliver advertisements that consumers actually find useful. (C) Given these opposing views, many experts call for clearer regulations that balance innovation with individual rights.

주어진 문장: After all, ignoring proven facts might seem like an irrational thing to do. When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. ( ① ) However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. ( ② ) Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. ( ③ ) For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. ( ④ ) This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

주어진 문장: Interestingly, this principle was first observed in government offices, where paperwork seemed to multiply regardless of actual workload. Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. ( ① ) According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. ( ② ) Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. ( ③ ) Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. ( ④ ) This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. ( ⑤ ) Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

주어진 문장: Without independent verification, however, such labels can mean almost anything the company wants them to mean. Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. ( ① ) This practice, known as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. ( ② ) Some brands print vague terms such as "natural" or "eco-conscious" on packaging without providing any evidence to support these labels. ( ③ ) Consumers, who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. ( ④ ) As a result, they may pay higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.