영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar ①proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, ②which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far ③exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships ④are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain ⑤largely unnoticing.

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably smooth. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, so that _______________. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful starting point rather than a final, polished result.

Many countries and companies today have adopted the goal of carbon neutrality, aiming to balance the greenhouse gases they emit with the amount they remove from the atmosphere. (A) Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action; first, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. (B) Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions, so experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation. (C) Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation, and only after these measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, funding outside projects such as reforestation.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. (A) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. (B) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. (C) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch, since a user's action of marking or rescuing a message becomes new training data.

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that help the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. (A) They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. (B) Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that gradually trains the body to expect and enter sleep more easily, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body to perform at a certain time each day. (C) Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it harder to fall asleep on demand.

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. (A) Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift, since a song the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle to reach listeners no matter how well it was written. (B) Listeners often praise the feature for introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. (C) This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically played to build a detailed profile of individual taste.

주어진 문장: This lowered sense of accountability can lead people toward two very different directions, one positive and one harmful. Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. ( ① ) Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. ( ② ) This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. ( ③ ) However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. ( ④ ) Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. ( ⑤ ) Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who receive them.

주어진 문장: Interestingly, this principle was first observed in government offices, where paperwork seemed to multiply regardless of actual workload. Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. ( ① ) According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. ( ② ) Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. ( ③ ) Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. ( ④ ) This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. ( ⑤ ) Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

주어진 문장: Without such structure, even highly motivated students may unconsciously postpone tasks that feel too far removed from the present moment. Behavioral economists use the term temporal discounting to describe how people undervalue future rewards simply because those rewards are not immediate. ( ① ) This tendency explains why a student might choose to watch videos tonight rather than study for an exam that remains several weeks away, even though studying offers a greater long-term benefit. ( ② ) A distant reward, no matter how valuable, feels psychologically smaller than a small reward available right now. This bias contributes to procrastination, since future consequences rarely feel urgent enough to motivate immediate action. ( ③ ) To counter this tendency, students should convert distant goals into smaller, near-term milestones that feel more emotionally real. ( ④ ) Setting weekly checkpoints rather than a final deadline can make future benefits feel closer and more concrete. Teachers and parents should provide immediate, meaningful feedback, since prompt recognition helps bridge the gap between present effort and delayed reward, ultimately reducing the urge to postpone tasks. ( ⑤ )