영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Limited-edition products are goods that ①are released in small quantities for a short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②increases how much people desire an item. For instance, a sneaker company that releases only a few thousand pairs of a special design can generate long lines outside stores overnight, ③drawing attention from collectors worldwide. However, this psychological pressure can lead to purchases that ④are driven by fear rather than genuine need. Marketers, aware of this pattern, ⑤continues to design new limited releases because urgency reliably drives sales.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are ①designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, ②known as the default option. Research consistently shows that people tend to stick with whatever is already set, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries ③which citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees ④automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential, and supporters insist it should be designed ⑤to support people's long-term interests.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something ①important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of ②loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to ③deepen feelings of anxiety rather than ④worsen them. Therefore, students should learn to ⑤limit their social media use and focus more attention on the relationships and activities directly in front of them.

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more ①trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly ②more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, ③undermining consumer trust. Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk ④gaining credibility with their users, who expect authentic opinions when making decisions. Ultimately, the power of online reviews depends entirely on their perceived ⑤honesty.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually ①strengthens after repeated use. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same ②limited mental resource. As this resource becomes ③depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may ④struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help ⑤restore this depleted resource.

When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively perceive the new price as a ①loss, even if the original price was rarely charged. Limited-time sales further ②intensify this effect, since a ticking clock encourages rushed decisions that leave little room for careful comparison. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest ③scarcity, even when inventory remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price, which can ④hurt long-term profits. Despite this risk, many companies continue relying on sales events because the short-term boost in customer traffic usually ⑤outweighs the potential downside.

Minji had tried for years to build a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided to place her book beside her toothbrush. After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, letting one action trigger the next. Within two weeks, opening the book after brushing felt almost automatic, requiring no conscious effort. Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed. She realized ___________. By the end of summer, both habits felt like steady parts of her routine, requiring no reminders.

Online advertising has become increasingly personalized as algorithms analyze user behavior in real time. (A) Critics, however, warn that this precision can be used to exploit psychological weaknesses rather than genuinely help consumers. (B) Supporters claim that this precision benefits users by reducing the number of irrelevant advertisements they encounter. (C) Given these opposing views, many experts call for greater transparency about how such algorithms actually operate.

주어진 문장: In contrast, downward comparison, which involves comparing oneself with someone worse off, can temporarily boost self-esteem instead. Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. ( ① ) According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. ( ② ) Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. ( ③ ) For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life is somehow inadequate. ( ④ ) Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. ( ⑤ ) Researchers have found that frequent upward comparison online is linked to higher depression and anxiety. Consequently, this theory helps explain why scrolling through social media often leaves users feeling worse rather than better about themselves.

주어진 문장: Not everyone welcomes this shift, however, and some worry that it comes at a cost. As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. ( ① ) Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has become nearly as fundamental as reading and writing once were. ( ② ) Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize problem-solving and adaptability, moving away from rote memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace challenges. ( ③ ) Most experts insist that a balanced combination of technical skill, adaptability, and communication will define successful careers ahead. ( ④ ) Communication skills matter as well, since many future jobs will require collaborating with both human colleagues and intelligent systems. ( ⑤ )