영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Modern advertising increasingly relies on personal data ①collected from users' browsing habits, search histories, and social media activity. Companies argue that this approach benefits consumers by showing advertisements that are more relevant to their actual interests. However, many critics contend that this level of tracking raises serious concerns about privacy, since users rarely understand how extensively their behavior ②is being monitored. Some algorithms can predict purchasing decisions before consumers themselves are consciously aware of them, ③which feel unsettling to many people. Furthermore, personalized advertising can trap users in a narrow bubble, repeatedly showing them similar products and ④limiting their exposure to alternatives. Supporters counter that consumers who dislike targeted ads can simply ⑤adjust their privacy settings.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers ①belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed dramatically, as private companies began ②launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, ③drawing to the idea that space exploration was no longer limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite ④intended to monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts and technicians ⑤familiar with international space regulations.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists ①welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art ②lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully ③replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment ④faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI may find themselves with a distinct ⑤disadvantage in this rapidly changing industry.

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. As a student answers practice questions, the app tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. However, critics caution that _______________. There is also a subtler concern: students who grow used to instant, algorithm-generated feedback may struggle later with the slower, more ambiguous kind of feedback that real-world tasks and mentors typically provide.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that ___________. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, comparing a new task to similar completed tasks. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more accurate.

주어진 문장: She walked into the interview room feeling confident, certain that her past online activity had nothing to do with her qualifications. When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. ( ① ) Three years passed, and she nearly forgot the comment existed, buried among hundreds of old posts. ( ② ) Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. ( ③ ) During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ( ④ ) Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. ( ⑤ ) Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, even when the original posts are removed, because screenshots and memories often outlast the content itself.

주어진 문장: This feeling is not simply nervousness about being alone, but a specific condition that researchers have begun to study closely. Many people feel a sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. ( ① ) This intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," a term describing the fear of losing connection to one's phone. ( ② ) Nomophobia involves physical symptoms, including a racing heart, sweating, and restlessness, whenever a person cannot check messages or social media. ( ③ ) Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. ( ④ ) For example, some students check their phones dozens of times an hour, even during class, just to confirm nothing important has been missed. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to weaken this anxious dependence. ( ⑤ ) Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a healthier relationship with technology.

주어진 문장: Yet this strategy of delay backfires, since it leaves no time to revise or correct errors before the deadline. Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. ( ① ) This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work causes people to delay starting a task rather than begin it. ( ② ) Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels overwhelming. ( ③ ) They then postpone the work to avoid facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. ( ④ ) For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that feels good enough. Likewise, an employee facing an important report may check emails repeatedly rather than begin drafting, fearing an early attempt will seem inadequate. ( ⑤ ) Ironically, this avoidance guarantees the very failure that perfectionists dread, since rushed, last-minute work rarely meets their own high standards.

주어진 문장: In fields ranging from medicine to law, these tools now perform tasks that once required years of human training. As artificial intelligence grows more capable of performing tasks once considered exclusively human, many people wonder which skills will remain valuable in the future. ( ① ) AI can now analyze data, generate text, and even diagnose certain medical conditions with impressive accuracy. ( ② ) However, most researchers argue that AI still struggles with tasks requiring genuine empathy, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving in unfamiliar situations. ( ③ ) A machine can recommend a treatment plan based on statistics, for instance, but it cannot comfort a frightened patient the way a compassionate nurse can. ( ④ ) Similarly, AI can generate countless design variations, yet it lacks the lived experience that allows humans to judge which idea truly resonates with people. ( ⑤ ) For this reason, educators increasingly emphasize skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence.

주어진 문장: Not everyone welcomes this shift, however, and some worry that it comes at a cost. As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. ( ① ) Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has become nearly as fundamental as reading and writing once were. ( ② ) Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize problem-solving and adaptability, moving away from rote memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace challenges. ( ③ ) Most experts insist that a balanced combination of technical skill, adaptability, and communication will define successful careers ahead. ( ④ ) Communication skills matter as well, since many future jobs will require collaborating with both human colleagues and intelligent systems. ( ⑤ )