영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When the body fights off an infection, the immune system relies heavily on ①adequate sleep to function effectively. During deep sleep, the body produces and releases cytokines, proteins ②that help regulate immune responses and coordinate the fight against harmful invaders. People who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night ③shows measurably weaker antibody responses after vaccination compared with those who sleep seven or eight hours. Chronic sleep deprivation also appears ④to promote low-grade inflammation throughout the body, a state that has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. Rather than being a passive state, sleep functions as an active period during which the immune system ⑤repairs itself and prepares for future threats.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, ①knowing as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Consumers, ②who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products ③that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually ④require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards ⑤that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, ①which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors ②detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, such as ③lifting heavy parts, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment. This division of labor increases overall efficiency, since each side ④contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries, largely because employees no longer ⑤perform exhausting repetitive motions all day.

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights ①that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. These small conveniences rest on a shared foundation: sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns ②which settings match each household's actual habits rather than a factory default. Over months of use, the system becomes noticeably better at ③anticipate needs, often adjusting settings moments before a resident would have reached for a switch. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households ④overlook. Every one of these small adjustments depends on constant data collection, meaning that a detailed record of when people wake, leave, and return home is quietly ⑤being stored somewhere beyond their immediate control.

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions ①dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay ②vocal rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even ③rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly ④unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly ⑤noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden.

As technology continues to reshape nearly every profession, the idea of finishing education after graduation has become ①fashionable. Workers who once expected their initial training to last an entire career now find that skills can become obsolete within just a few years. Lifelong learning, therefore, has shifted from being an optional pursuit to a practical ②necessity for staying competitive in the job market. Companies that support this kind of continuous education often ③benefit as well, since employees bring fresh knowledge back into their daily tasks. Critics argue that constant learning can be ④exhausting and difficult to balance with personal responsibilities. Nevertheless, most career experts insist that those who resist ongoing education risk falling ⑤behind their peers.

Fast fashion refers to ①cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process ②pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a ③growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. For example, some companies ④collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, ⑤increasing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox. The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks. What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch: whenever a user marks a message as spam, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, _______________.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably smooth. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, so that _______________. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful starting point rather than a final, polished result.

주어진 문장: This is why productivity coaches often recommend starting with just one or two blocks per day rather than filling the entire schedule at once. Time blocking is a time-management technique in which a person divides the day into fixed blocks. Each block is then assigned to a single task. ( ① ) Instead of relying on a loose to-do list, the person decides exactly when each task will start and end. ( ② ) This approach lowers the mental effort of deciding what to do next, since the schedule already provides the answer. ( ③ ) It also limits multitasking, because each block is reserved for only one activity at a time. ( ④ ) For instance, a student may block ninety minutes for math practice, leaving no room for messages or web browsing, while another student may reserve an evening block solely for vocabulary review. Because each block has a clear boundary, unfinished work is less likely to quietly spread into the next task. Many people who adopt time blocking feel more organized throughout the day. ( ⑤ )