영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Imagine two factories ①making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those ②made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon ③were released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and ④pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for ⑤cutting emissions worldwide.

As a result, the ads that appear on a person's screen often feel remarkably ①specific, sometimes referencing items browsed only minutes earlier. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by ②reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Some researchers have found that people who see highly personalized advertisements make impulsive purchases ③less frequently than those who see generic ones. Because these algorithms operate largely without public oversight, few consumers fully understand how their personal data shapes what they eventually buy. Greater ④transparency, many experts argue, would allow consumers to make more ⑤informed decisions about their own online behavior.

A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. Standing before the ①massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. Instead, she discovered that the glacier had ②retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly ③disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a ⑤distant statistic, was in fact a ④trivial process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably ①unpredictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then ②decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can ③delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, preparing various systems to shift into a ④lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the ⑤opposite direction from what was intended.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

Telemedicine, which allows patients to consult doctors through video calls rather than in-person visits, has expanded rapidly since its early adoption. However, critics contend that virtual appointments cannot fully replace physical examinations, which remain essential for detecting certain conditions. Despite such concerns, most healthcare experts believe telemedicine will continue to grow, complementing rather than replacing traditional in-person care. As this shift continues, ___________.

The growing presence of AI in creative fields has sparked lively discussion among artists and critics alike. (A) In contrast, some artists worry that relying too heavily on such tools may weaken the value placed on original human creativity. (B) Many artists have embraced AI as a way to explore new styles quickly and overcome creative blocks. (C) Given these opposing views, most experts now agree that AI works best as a partner rather than a replacement for human creators.

Airlines and other companies often invite customers to pay a small extra fee to offset the carbon released by their trips. (A) As a result, purchasing an offset can become a convenient way to avoid making harder, more meaningful changes to one's actual carbon footprint. (B) This option relies on carbon offsets, credits that fund projects like tree planting or renewable energy in exchange for supposedly canceling out one's own emissions. (C) Critics point out, however, that many such projects would have occurred regardless of the funding, meaning the offset achieves little real, additional benefit.

주어진 문장: This limitation means the technology has not yet fully replaced conventional factories. Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. ( ① ) Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create complex objects directly from digital files within hours. ( ② ) This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. ( ③ ) Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts. ( ④ ) However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders. ( ⑤ ) As printing materials improve and machines become faster, the technology is expected to play an increasingly central role in future manufacturing.

Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. ( ① ) When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. ( ② ) Sports scientists note an important caveat, however. ( ③ ) A wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail available in a professional lab. ( ④ ) Its suggestions should be treated as a helpful guideline rather than an infallible medical judgment, particularly for anyone managing a chronic health condition. ( ⑤ )