영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Retailers use a variety of techniques ①designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that ②create a false sense of urgency. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, ③making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ④exploits human psychology rather than genuinely informing consumers about a product's value. Shoppers who understand these strategies are better equipped ⑤to resist them.

Jina used to fill her apartment with items she rarely used, believing that owning more things would make her happier. After moving twice within a single year, she grew exhausted from packing boxes filled with clothes she had never worn and gadgets she had forgotten she owned. Frustrated, she decided to try a minimalist lifestyle, keeping only objects that served a clear purpose or brought her genuine joy. Gradually, however, she noticed that her small apartment felt calmer and easier to manage. She also realized that she spent significantly less money once she stopped buying things impulsively to fill emotional gaps. Inspired by her experience, several of her friends began adopting similar habits, questioning purchases they once made without thinking. Jina's story reflects ___________.

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers. Consequently, many companies now ___________.

Many economists have studied how automation affects different sectors of the economy, and their research reveals a consistent pattern. (A) For example, manufacturing plants that adopted robotics saw production speed double within five years, while the number of routine assembly jobs fell sharply. (B) As a result, workers today are encouraged to develop skills that complement machines rather than compete with them, such as creativity and critical thinking. (C) At first, automation mainly affected repetitive manual tasks in manufacturing, but it has since spread into administrative and even creative fields.

Debates about remote work often focus on how it affects both individual employees and entire organizations. (A) For instance, several surveys show that remote employees report higher job satisfaction and fewer sick days than office-based workers. (B) On the other hand, managers point out that spontaneous conversations, which often spark new ideas, rarely happen when everyone works separately. (C) Some studies highlight clear benefits for workers, showing that flexible schedules reduce stress and improve overall well-being.

Mina's career path illustrates how unpredictable the job market can be for graduates entering emerging fields. (A) Soon afterward, however, a small startup building a traffic-prediction app offered her a chance to analyze large sets of data. (B) At first, she struggled to find a position that matched her academic background, since few employers understood the value of her statistical skills. (C) That opportunity transformed her career, leading her eventually to lead a team of analysts mentoring the next generation.

The classification of platform workers has become one of the most debated issues in modern labor law. (A) For this reason, companies generally prefer classifying these workers as independent contractors rather than full employees. (B) Being classified this way, however, means workers miss out on protections such as minimum wage and paid leave. (C) Employee status requires companies to provide benefits and follow strict labor regulations, which increases operating costs.

주어진 문장: This spreading of feelings was traditionally assumed to require physical cues like facial expressions or vocal tone. Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's gloomy post online? ( ① ) This phenomenon, known as emotional contagion, refers to the tendency of one person's feelings to spread to others nearby, almost like a cold passing between classmates. ( ② ) Psychologists once studied this effect mainly through face-to-face interactions, such as tone of voice. ( ③ ) However, researchers have discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. ( ④ ) For instance, when someone posts a negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. ( ⑤ ) This suggests that emotions online spread through carefully chosen words alone. Consequently, many experts now argue that being mindful of what we post matters more than we typically assume.

주어진 문장: This is why many coaches encourage athletes to keep their pre-game rituals exactly the same, even when circumstances change. Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. ( ① ) This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. ( ② ) The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. ( ③ ) Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. ( ④ ) For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

주어진 문장: Curious about why she always ran out of money so quickly, she asked her cousin for advice. When Mina was a freshman, she often spent her allowance within a few days. ( ① ) Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. ( ② ) Researchers found that children who waited longer showed better academic performance and self-control years later. ( ③ ) This ability to resist an immediate reward in favor of a larger future one is known as delayed gratification. ( ④ ) Inspired by the study, Mina began saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks. At first, resisting small purchases felt surprisingly difficult, especially when her friends were eating out. After three months, however, she had saved enough to buy a bicycle she had wanted for over a year. ( ⑤ )