영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially ①sensitive to. During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us alert and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep. Specialized cells in the retina ②detect blue light and send signals to the brain's internal clock, ③suppressing the release of melatonin, the hormone that signals it is time to rest. Studies have found that ④people who scroll through their phones in bed before sleeping take longer to fall asleep and experience lighter, more easily disrupted sleep than those who avoid screens. Some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward warmer tones, reducing blue light output in the evening. While this feature may help slightly, sleep researchers generally recommend ⑤limit screen use altogether in the hour before bedtime for the best results.

Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, ①responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. Behind this simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning using language models, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two. Because these assistants improve by ②learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. Still, the technology remains far from perfect. Background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant ③misunderstanding a simple request, sometimes with amusing results. Engineers continue to refine these systems, but many admit that truly natural conversation, the kind ④that flows without repeated commands or awkward pauses, ⑤remains one of the hardest goals in the entire field of artificial intelligence.

The term green premium describes the ①reduced cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably ①increase an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which ②accelerates fatigue. Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly ③difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since heavy sweating also flushes out sodium and other electrolytes ④essential for proper muscle function. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes, ⑤tailored to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system _______________. However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to _______________. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones responsible for lengthening as a child develops. This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children, since _______________. Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when taught with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes.

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. (A) Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic, arguing that the algorithm can end up creating a new problem for the wider community. (B) The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however, since redirecting thousands of drivers onto the same shortcut can make a quiet side street as congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. (C) This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. (A) Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. (B) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose, narrowing an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. (C) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks.

The tool draws on enormous amounts of data, including flight prices, seasonal weather patterns, and reviews left by previous travelers, to suggest a route that avoids obvious scheduling conflicts. Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. ( ① ) AI travel planners now compress much of that work into a short conversation, asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. ( ② ) Many travelers appreciate having a solid starting point rather than a blank page. ( ③ ) Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly generic. ( ④ ) They often steer users toward the same popular landmarks that every other AI-generated plan recommends, while overlooking smaller, lesser-known places that a knowledgeable local guide might have suggested instead. ( ⑤ )