영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, ①prizing for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain throughout the day and ②makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. By occupying the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to, caffeine tricks the brain into ③feeling alert even when the body has accumulated significant sleep pressure. The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize. Because caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five to six hours, a cup of coffee ④consumed in the late afternoon may still be interfering with the ability to fall asleep at midnight. Even when people do not consciously notice difficulty falling asleep, caffeine has been shown ⑤to reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later in the night.

Fast fashion refers to ①cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process ②pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a ③growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. For example, some companies ④collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, ⑤increasing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can ①flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person experiencing it would have noticed anything unusual on their own. For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine ②safety net. Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to ③diagnose illness, not merely to detect patterns, and that a worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional rather than trusting an app's suggestion alone. Treating a wellness app as a ④substitute for medical expertise, they warn, can be just as risky as ⑤ignoring a warning altogether.

When people encounter ①solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still ②dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may ③unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can ④protect a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data ⑤rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

Adaptive learning apps promise something no traditional classroom can easily offer: a lesson plan that adjusts itself to each individual student in real time. As a student answers practice questions, the app tracks which concepts are mastered and which remain shaky, then quietly reshuffles the next set of problems to target the weaker areas. However, critics caution that _______________. There is also a subtler concern: students who grow used to instant, algorithm-generated feedback may struggle later with the slower, more ambiguous kind of feedback that real-world tasks and mentors typically provide.

ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires _______________. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. (A) Many travelers appreciate having a solid starting point rather than a blank page. (B) Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly generic, often steering users toward the same popular landmarks that every other AI-generated plan recommends. (C) AI travel planners now compress much of that work into a short conversation, generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes based on enormous amounts of data.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. (A) In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible. (B) Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight. (C) During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, essential for repairing muscle tissue, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns.

Some schools have begun asking students to submit an early draft alongside the final version, specifically to preserve evidence of a student's own original voice. Highlighting an awkward sentence and instantly seeing three smoother alternatives has become a routine part of writing for many students, thanks to AI writing assistants built into word processors and browsers. ( ① ) These tools check grammar and spelling, of course, but the more advanced versions go further, suggesting clearer phrasing, flagging repetitive words, and even adjusting tone to sound more formal or more casual depending on the purpose. ( ② ) Teachers generally welcome the grammar and spelling support, since it frees up class time to focus on argument and structure rather than comma placement. ( ③ ) Concerns grow, however, around the tone and phrasing suggestions, which can gradually nudge every student's writing toward a similar, polished style. ( ④ ) This makes it harder to tell an individual voice from a suggestion generated by the same underlying model. ( ⑤ )

This built-in schedule does not simply respond to the clock on the wall; it is shaped directly by light itself. Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. ( ① ) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. ( ② ) When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. ( ③ ) As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. ( ④ ) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. ( ⑤ ) Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.