영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces ①better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops ②rapidly within a single day of insufficient recovery, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. Warning signs are often ③subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed. Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take ④months rather than days, which is why sports medicine specialists now emphasize monitoring early warning signs and scheduling rest before symptoms ⑤worsen.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards arrive unpredictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone is checked, regardless of whether the result is disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds compulsively, hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than stumbling upon them by accident. Such practices raise serious ethical questions about manipulating users' brains for profit. Therefore, people must _______________.

When the body fights off an infection, the immune system relies heavily on adequate sleep to function effectively. During deep sleep, the body produces and releases cytokines, proteins that help regulate immune responses and coordinate the fight against harmful invaders. People who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night show measurably weaker antibody responses after vaccination compared with those who sleep seven or eight hours, suggesting that _______________. Chronic sleep deprivation also appears to promote low-grade inflammation throughout the body, a state that has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. Rather than being a passive state, sleep functions as an active period during which the immune system repairs itself and prepares for future threats.

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has surged across nearly every industry. Despite this expansion, experts estimate that ___________, largely because the number of qualified applicants has not kept pace with rapidly increasing demand. This shortage suggests that cybersecurity will remain a promising career path for years to come.

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why _______________. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity also builds new capillaries within muscle tissue and improves how cells throughout the body respond to insulin.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, a substance essential for repairing muscle tissue damaged during intense training, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns. As a result, _______________. Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight, sometimes right before an important competition.

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers. Consequently, many companies now ___________.

Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that _______________, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also reducing levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking.

Companies have discovered that ordinary advertisements no longer capture the attention of young consumers as effectively as they once did. (A) As a result, many brands now spend a large portion of their advertising budgets on influencer partnerships rather than television commercials. (B) This is because influencers build long-term relationships with their audiences, which makes recommendations feel personal rather than commercial. (C) However, brands must choose their partners carefully, since an influencer's reputation can directly affect how a product is perceived.

주어진 문장: Without such outside checks, companies could easily present exaggerated or even false claims as genuine achievements. As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. ( ① ) This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. ( ② ) Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. ( ③ ) Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics question whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. ( ④ ) Real accountability, according to many experts, requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. ( ⑤ ) Consumers, for their part, must also remain vigilant, since a company's marketing language does not always match its actual practices.