영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs, ①has grown rapidly over the past decade. Digital platforms now connect customers directly with drivers, designers, and writers, ②allowing workers to choose when and how much they work. Businesses, meanwhile, can hire help only when they ③actually need it. For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility ④that traditional employment rarely allows. However, gig workers often lack benefits such as health insurance, which full-time employees typical ⑤receive.

As technology continues to reshape nearly every profession, the idea of finishing education after graduation ①has become outdated. Workers who once expected their initial training to last an entire career now find that skills can become obsolete within just a few years. Many professionals now take short online courses, attend workshops, or ②earn new certifications while continuing to work full-time. Companies that support this kind of continuous education often benefit as well, since employees ③bring fresh knowledge back into their daily tasks. Critics argue that constant learning can be exhausting and ④difficultly to balance with personal responsibilities. Nevertheless, most career experts insist that those who resist ongoing education risk ⑤falling behind their peers.

As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies ①to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics ②questions whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. Real accountability, according to many experts, ③requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. Consumers, for their part, must also ④remain vigilant, since a company's marketing language does not always ⑤match its actual practices.

As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has become nearly as ①fundamental as reading and writing once were. Beyond technical knowledge, however, employers consistently rank problem-solving and adaptability among the most ②valuable qualities in job candidates. Workers who can quickly learn new tools and adjust to unfamiliar situations tend to remain ③employable even as entire industries transform. Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize these competencies, moving away from memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace ④comfort. Most experts insist that a balanced combination of technical skill, adaptability, and communication will define successful careers ⑤ahead.

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has surged across nearly every industry. Despite this expansion, experts estimate that ___________, largely because the number of qualified applicants has not kept pace with rapidly increasing demand. This shortage suggests that cybersecurity will remain a promising career path for years to come.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that ___________. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

Loyalty programs have become a standard feature of modern retail strategy. (A) Critics counter that such programs often reward habit rather than genuine satisfaction with a product. (B) Supporters claim that points and rewards encourage customers to return again and again. (C) True loyalty, they argue, should be built through consistent quality rather than artificial incentives.

The rise of big data has introduced ethical dilemmas that earlier generations of workers never had to consider. (A) Some believe that strict government regulations are necessary, even if such rules slow down innovation and raise costs for businesses. (B) Others argue that companies can regulate themselves effectively through clear ethical training, without needing heavy-handed government intervention. (C) A single careless decision, after all, can expose the private information of millions of people almost instantly.

Treating only one side of this equation, therefore, often leaves the other free to sustain the sleeplessness on its own. Insomnia is rarely caused by a single factor; it usually emerges from an interaction between psychological stress and physiological arousal that keeps the body from settling into sleep. ( ① ) A common trigger is what researchers call cognitive hyperarousal, in which the mind continues to race with worries about work, relationships, or even the inability to sleep itself, creating a frustrating cycle where anxiety about insomnia becomes a cause of insomnia. ( ② ) At the same time, the body's stress response system can become chronically activated, releasing hormones such as cortisol that keep heart rate and body temperature elevated at night, both of which interfere with the natural drop in arousal needed to fall asleep. ( ③ ) Poor sleep habits, including irregular bedtimes and excessive screen use before bed, can further weaken the body's internal signals for sleep onset. ( ④ ) Because these psychological and physiological factors reinforce one another, effective treatment for chronic insomnia addresses both the racing mind and the underlying pattern of physical tension, rather than relying on medication alone. ( ⑤ )