영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them ①to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that ②protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while ③claim to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or ④demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels ⑤natural rather than threatening.

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive ①feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock, ②which governs sleep, hunger, and alertness, continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day ③to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because advancing the internal clock forward ④are generally harder for the body than delaying it. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock ⑤uses to reset itself.

Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work causes people to ___________. Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels overwhelming. They then postpone the work to avoid facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that feels good enough. Likewise, an employee facing an important report may check emails repeatedly rather than begin drafting, fearing an early attempt will seem inadequate. Ironically, this avoidance guarantees the very failure that perfectionists dread, since rushed, last-minute work rarely meets their own high standards.

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, _______________. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. (A) Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift, since a song the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle to reach listeners no matter how well it was written. (B) Listeners often praise the feature for introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. (C) This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically played to build a detailed profile of individual taste.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results rather than trusting them. (A) Frequent travelers now point their phone cameras at street signs and receive an instant translation overlaid on the screen, thanks to this leap in accuracy. (B) Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, areas where a single wrong word can completely change the intended meaning. (C) Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. (A) In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible. (B) Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight. (C) During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, essential for repairing muscle tissue, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns.

Whether such small warnings can meaningfully counter the daily flood of filtered images, however, remains an open question that researchers are only beginning to study. Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken, all powered by AI models trained to recognize facial features in real time. ( ① ) What began as a playful novelty has become a default setting for many users, subtly adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. ( ② ) Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: people increasingly compare their unfiltered reflection in a mirror to a filtered version of themselves seen constantly on a screen. ( ③ ) This is a comparison that earlier generations never had to face. ( ④ ) Some social media platforms have responded by labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This small change in placement, researchers found, was enough to shift eating habits without anyone noticing. Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. ( ① ) Nobody is forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. ( ② ) This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. ( ③ ) Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. ( ④ ) For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. ( ⑤ ) Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.