영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose. Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt ①broadens an athlete's focus toward distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and away from the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show ②more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift ③automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. For this reason, coaches now ④actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as ⑤personal quirks.

When Mina was a freshman, she often spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited longer showed better academic performance and self-control years later. This ___________ is known as delayed gratification. Inspired by the study, Mina began saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards arrive unpredictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone is checked, regardless of whether the result is disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds compulsively, hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than stumbling upon them by accident. Such practices raise serious ethical questions about manipulating users' brains for profit. Therefore, people must _______________.

Last spring, a small cosmetics brand opened a pop-up store in a busy shopping district for just two weeks. Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. Word spread quickly through social media as customers shared images of the unusual setting with their friends and followers. Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special and worth attending in person. Many admitted they had never previously purchased from the brand but decided to buy something simply to remember the visit. When the two weeks ended, the brand reported a significant increase in both sales and social media followers. Encouraged by these results, ___________.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies. This is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training, since _______________. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will speed up this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat.

Telemedicine has sparked debate among healthcare professionals about its proper role in modern medicine. (A) Critics counter that virtual visits cannot fully substitute for physical examinations, which remain essential for diagnosing certain conditions accurately. (B) Most experts, weighing both sides, conclude that telemedicine works best as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, traditional care. (C) Supporters point out that virtual visits save time and extend healthcare access to patients living far from hospitals.

Implementation intentions have become one of the most widely studied tools in behavioral psychology for helping people reach their goals. (A) Unlike a vague goal such as "I will exercise more," an implementation intention specifies both the situation that triggers the behavior and the exact action that follows. (B) Because the decision has already been made in advance, people no longer need to rely on willpower at the critical moment when the temptation to skip arises. (C) For example, a person might decide, "If it is seven in the morning, then I will put on my running shoes immediately," rather than simply hoping to find time to exercise.

주어진 문장: Yet this strategy of delay backfires, since it leaves no time to revise or correct errors before the deadline. Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. ( ① ) This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work causes people to delay starting a task rather than begin it. ( ② ) Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels overwhelming. ( ③ ) They then postpone the work to avoid facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. ( ④ ) For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that feels good enough. Likewise, an employee facing an important report may check emails repeatedly rather than begin drafting, fearing an early attempt will seem inadequate. ( ⑤ ) Ironically, this avoidance guarantees the very failure that perfectionists dread, since rushed, last-minute work rarely meets their own high standards.

주어진 문장: This process cannot happen overnight, since each stage depends on the completion of the one before it. Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. ( ① ) Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. ( ② ) First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. ( ③ ) Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, which involves funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. ( ④ ) Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.