영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ①waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ②unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on objective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns ③recording in a sleep laboratory. ④Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might ⑤suggest.

Building brand loyalty has traditionally been considered one of the most valuable goals in marketing, since loyal customers tend to spend ①more and recommend products to others. However, some critics argue that these programs manipulate consumers into staying with a brand out of habit rather than genuine ②satisfaction. Genuine loyalty, they contend, should be earned through consistent quality and honest treatment of customers, not through ③artificial incentives that merely delay a customer's departure. Furthermore, excessive focus on retaining existing customers can cause companies to ④neglect innovation, since they assume loyal buyers will continue purchasing regardless of improvements. Relying solely on loyalty programs without addressing underlying product quality may ultimately ⑤succeed.

Browsing an online store today often means chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions, such as budget or intended use, before suggesting a short list of products ①tailored to the answers. Unlike a static list of best-sellers, this assistant can adjust its suggestions on the spot, responding to follow-up questions the way a knowledgeable salesperson might in a physical store. Retailers report that shoppers who use these chatbots tend to ②complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs. Some shoppers, however, remain ③confident about how personal the questions can feel, wondering how much of that conversation is quietly stored and reused to influence future purchases. Consumer advocates argue that stores should ④clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than ⑤burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy that almost no one reads.

Soyeon joined an online study group chat where dozens of students planned a class project together every evening. When one member suggested skipping a required survey step to save time, several others quickly agreed, and no one raised any objections. Soyeon privately worried that skipping the survey might weaken their project, but seeing everyone else nodding along, she stayed silent rather than risk sounding difficult. The group proceeded confidently, convinced their shortcut was harmless, until their teacher pointed out serious gaps once the project was submitted. Afterward, Soyeon learned about groupthink, a concept introduced by psychologist Irving Janis, describing how tightly connected groups often suppress doubts in order to maintain harmony and reach quick agreement. She realized that ___________.

Not long ago, Junho felt he needed to check his phone every few minutes just to keep up with his friends. (A) During this unplanned break from his phone, he was surprised to discover that he actually felt calmer rather than anxious. (B) Encouraged by this experience, he began setting aside phone-free hours on purpose, gradually growing comfortable with being offline. (C) This constant checking left him drained, until one day his phone battery died unexpectedly during a trip.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. (A) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide. (B) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. (C) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them.

Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. ( ① ) When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. ( ② ) Sports scientists note an important caveat, however. ( ③ ) A wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail available in a professional lab. ( ④ ) Its suggestions should be treated as a helpful guideline rather than an infallible medical judgment, particularly for anyone managing a chronic health condition. ( ⑤ )

This built-in schedule does not simply respond to the clock on the wall; it is shaped directly by light itself. Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. ( ① ) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. ( ② ) When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. ( ③ ) As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. ( ④ ) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. ( ⑤ ) Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Skipping this final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically translate into the specific coordination that a particular sport demands. Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. ( ① ) Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness without disturbing the healing tissue. ( ② ) As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. ( ③ ) Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be structurally fragile beneath it. ( ④ ) Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This feeling is not simply nervousness about being alone, but a specific condition that researchers have begun to study closely. Many people feel a sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. ( ① ) This intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," a term describing the fear of losing connection to one's phone. ( ② ) Nomophobia involves physical symptoms, including a racing heart, sweating, and restlessness, whenever a person cannot check messages or social media. ( ③ ) Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. ( ④ ) For example, some students check their phones dozens of times an hour, even during class, just to confirm nothing important has been missed. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to weaken this anxious dependence. ( ⑤ ) Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a healthier relationship with technology.