영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Have you ever noticed your mood ①shifting after scrolling through a friend's gloomy post online? This phenomenon, known as emotional contagion, ②refers to the tendency of one person's feelings to spread to others nearby, almost like a cold passing between classmates. However, researchers have discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images ③are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. For instance, when someone posts a negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often ④turning noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single kind comment ⑤can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes.

When Mina was a freshman, she often spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited longer showed better academic performance and self-control years later. This ___________ is known as delayed gratification. Inspired by the study, Mina began saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks.

A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that _______________.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. (A) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide. (B) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. (C) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them.

Not all environmental changes happen at the same steady pace. (A) A well-known example involves melting Arctic ice, which exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight and speeds up further melting in a self-reinforcing cycle. (B) Once this kind of threshold is crossed, reversing the damage becomes extremely difficult, which is why scientists consider identifying these points an urgent priority. (C) Some changes accumulate slowly and predictably, while others can suddenly accelerate once a critical threshold, known as a tipping point, is crossed.

주어진 문장: After all, ignoring proven facts might seem like an irrational thing to do. When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. ( ① ) However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. ( ② ) Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. ( ③ ) For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. ( ④ ) This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

주어진 문장: This practice, sometimes described as superficial reporting, allows a company to appear responsible without actually reducing its environmental harm. ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. ( ① ) Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. ( ② ) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. ( ③ ) Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. ( ④ ) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. ( ⑤ ) Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

주어진 문장: At first, this seemed like a small, sentimental gesture with little business value. Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. ( ① ) Its products were solid, but customers rarely remembered the brand after a single purchase. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers who could not afford new pairs. She began printing this story on every shoebox and posting it across social media. ( ② ) Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. ( ③ ) Sales slowly increased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. ( ④ ) Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar emotional connections. ( ⑤ ) Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into loyal supporters.

주어진 문장: This heightened sensitivity can manifest in a variety of noticeable ways. In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. ( ① ) Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. ( ② ) Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. ( ③ ) Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. ( ④ ) For example, some students report feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. ( ⑤ ) However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are encouraged to join community projects, since taking constructive action tends to restore a sense of control and ease overwhelming distress.

주어진 문장: She walked into the interview room feeling confident, certain that her past online activity had nothing to do with her qualifications. When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. ( ① ) Three years passed, and she nearly forgot the comment existed, buried among hundreds of old posts. ( ② ) Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. ( ③ ) During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ( ④ ) Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. ( ⑤ ) Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, even when the original posts are removed, because screenshots and memories often outlast the content itself.