영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The term green premium ①<u>describes</u> the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance ②<u>often carries</u> a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, ③<u>which creates</u> unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits ④<u>that lower</u> upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium ⑤<u>to shrinking</u> steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Jiho had always assumed he would join a large corporation after graduation, just as his parents expected. During his final year of university, however, he joined a small student team ①building an app that connected local farmers directly with restaurants. What started as a class project gradually ②turned into something more serious, as several restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. Jiho and his teammates decided ③to delay job applications and instead spend a year developing the idea, despite warnings from relatives ④who considered the plan too risky. After nearly failing twice, the team secured a small investment that allowed them ⑤hire their first employee.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, ①knowing as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Consumers, ②who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products ③that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually ④require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards ⑤that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create ①simple objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored ②precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that ③reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lowers the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to ⑤match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it ___________, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Supporters argue that this technology could ___________, since computers do not need rest and can react faster than humans in emergencies.

Parkinson's Law appears frequently in everyday workplaces, often without employees even realizing it. (A) As a result, the meeting naturally stretches to fill the entire hour, even though very little new information is actually discussed. (B) This situation illustrates the law's central claim that the amount of time allotted for a task directly shapes how long the task actually takes. (C) Consider a manager who schedules an hour-long meeting to discuss a minor issue that could realistically be resolved in only a few minutes.

Introducing cobots into a factory requires careful planning to ensure both safety and productivity. (A) Once installed, however, cobots must be closely monitored, since their sensors can occasionally malfunction in noisy or crowded environments. (B) Engineers must first program the robots to recognize the exact boundaries of each worker's movement space. (C) After this initial setup, cobots can be integrated gradually, starting with simple tasks before taking on more complex ones.

Telemedicine has sparked debate among healthcare professionals about its proper role in modern medicine. (A) Critics counter that virtual visits cannot fully substitute for physical examinations, which remain essential for diagnosing certain conditions accurately. (B) Most experts, weighing both sides, conclude that telemedicine works best as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, traditional care. (C) Supporters point out that virtual visits save time and extend healthcare access to patients living far from hospitals.

Daniel's career reflects how much the space industry has changed since he was a child. (A) As a result, he came to believe that opportunities in space exploration were no longer limited to a small number of government scientists. (B) By the time he entered university, private companies had begun launching satellites and building reusable rockets. (C) This shift eventually led him to join a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future.