영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

On a summer evening, downtown streets often ①feel noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat gradually, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly ②radiates it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling. Tall buildings ③packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with abundant trees and open water naturally ④stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and expanding public parks, ⑤hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first ①performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from ②being mere superstition, this consistent sequence, whether it involves bouncing a basketball a fixed number of times or taking a particular number of practice swings, serves a genuine cognitive purpose. Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt ③narrows an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend ④to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. The routine essentially functions as a trigger, ⑤cues the body to shift automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state.

Researchers who study teenagers have found a ①strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score ②lower on tests of memory and attention than those who sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more ③durable long-term ones. When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often feels ④unfamiliar the next morning. For this reason, some schools have begun ⑤confirming early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever could.

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. AI travel planners now ①compress much of that work into a short conversation, asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. The tool draws on enormous amounts of data to suggest a route that avoids obvious ②scheduling conflicts. Many travelers appreciate having a solid starting point rather than a ③blank page. Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly ④unique, often steering users toward the same popular landmarks that every other AI-generated plan recommends, while ⑤overlooking smaller, lesser-known places that a knowledgeable local guide might have suggested instead.

After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. Some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions, deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits, in an attempt to _______________.

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. (A) Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic, arguing that the algorithm can end up creating a new problem for the wider community. (B) The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however, since redirecting thousands of drivers onto the same shortcut can make a quiet side street as congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. (C) This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track. (A) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new. (B) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. (C) Professional musicians, however, remain divided, since a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects.

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm figure out what it contains. (A) The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, such as edges, colors, and shapes, then matching that pattern against millions of stored examples. (B) This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. (C) It is not flawless, however; a blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily confuse the algorithm.

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. (A) Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far higher than those of untrained individuals, reflecting hearts that pump larger volumes of blood and muscles that extract oxygen with remarkable efficiency. (B) While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. (C) It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since other factors such as pacing strategy and mental resilience also play a decisive role.

That advantage in volume, however, says nothing about the quality of each individual reply. When a customer opens a company's website at midnight with a billing question, an actual employee is unlikely to be available, which is exactly the gap that customer service chatbots were built to fill. ( ① ) These programs can instantly answer common questions, track packages, and process simple refunds without making anyone wait on hold. ( ② ) Companies value them because a single chatbot can handle thousands of conversations simultaneously, something no call center could ever match. ( ③ ) Yet the technology has clear boundaries. When a customer's problem is unusual, emotionally charged, or simply does not fit the chatbot's script, the automated replies can feel frustratingly circular, repeating the same suggestion no matter how the question is rephrased. ( ④ ) Many companies have responded by designing chatbots to recognize their own limits, automatically transferring a frustrated customer to a human agent before the conversation turns into a source of complaint rather than a solution. ( ⑤ )