영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Climate scientists frequently warn about tipping points, thresholds beyond which a small additional change triggers a large, often irreversible shift in the climate system. Unlike ①gradual warming, which unfolds steadily over decades, crossing a tipping point can produce ②dramatic consequences within a short period. For instance, as Arctic ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight than reflective ice, accelerating further melting in a self-⑤reinforcing cycle. Similarly, scientists worry that a major ocean current, which currently redistributes heat across the planet, could slow dramatically if enough freshwater from melting glaciers dilutes the surrounding seawater. Once such thresholds are crossed, restoring the original balance may become nearly ③possible, even if emissions are later reduced. Therefore, researchers argue that preventing these transitions matters more than merely slowing average temperature increases. Identifying how close each system stands to its threshold remains one of the most ④urgent challenges in climate research.

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create ①simple objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored ②precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that ③reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lowers the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to ⑤match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face ①minimal responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ②slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can protect consumers just as ③effectively without stifling progress. Most experts agree that professionals handling sensitive data must be trained not only in technical skills but also in ethical ④decision-making. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses, recognizing that future employees will need to ⑤balance innovation with responsibility.

As artificial intelligence grows more capable of performing tasks once considered exclusively human, many people wonder which skills will remain valuable in the future. However, most researchers argue that AI still struggles with tasks requiring genuine empathy, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving in unfamiliar situations. Similarly, AI can generate countless design variations, yet it lacks the lived experience that allows humans to judge which idea truly resonates with people. For this reason, educators increasingly emphasize skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence, arguing that ___________.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. (A) Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be structurally fragile beneath it. (B) Skipping the final stage of sport-specific drills, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically translate into the coordination a sport demands. (C) Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises give way to light resistance training as pain subsides, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles weakened by disuse.

As the job market continues to change, experts have identified several core competencies that will matter most in the future. (A) Beyond such technical knowledge, however, employers increasingly value problem-solving and adaptability when evaluating candidates. (B) Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has become nearly as fundamental as reading and writing once were. (C) Communication skills matter as well, since many future jobs will require collaborating with both human colleagues and intelligent systems.

주어진 문장: Vague intentions, by contrast, give the brain no clear signal about when effort should begin or end. Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely leads to meaningful improvement. ( ① ) According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. ( ② ) This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. ( ③ ) To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which requires goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. ( ④ ) For instance, a student following this framework might say, 'I will memorize thirty new words every week for two months.' Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy to track and evaluate. Challenging goals also tend to increase motivation, since people often work harder when a target feels meaningfully difficult rather than trivially simple. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This is why many people find it especially difficult to maintain healthy eating habits after a long, stressful day at work. Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. ( ① ) According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. ( ② ) As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. ( ③ ) For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. ( ④ ) Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. ( ⑤ ) Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

주어진 문장: This is why many coaches encourage athletes to keep their pre-game rituals exactly the same, even when circumstances change. Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. ( ① ) This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. ( ② ) The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. ( ③ ) Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. ( ④ ) For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.