영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, ①strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while ②beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity encourages the body ③building new capillaries within muscle tissue, improving the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at a cellular level. Researchers have also found that regular aerobic exercise ④reduces inflammation throughout the body and improves the way cells respond to insulin. Because these benefits accumulate gradually rather than appearing overnight, most exercise physiologists recommend ⑤maintaining a consistent routine for at least several months before expecting dramatic improvements in endurance.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound ①pleasant together, and it ②recombines these patterns into something new rather than copying any single source directly. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine ③breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand, while others ④celebrate that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects. ⑤the very jobs many musicians once relied on to build a career.

When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed ①evenly across the globe. Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the ②largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most ③severe droughts and floods. This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ④ethical question that science alone cannot answer. For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands ⑤fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately ①increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy is designed to ②maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating ③familiar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised to ④practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day. Beyond carbohydrates, adequate protein and micronutrient intake throughout the training cycle remains ⑤essential, since fueling strategy is only one part of a much larger nutritional picture.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies. This is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training, since _______________. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will speed up this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat.

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires ___________. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

Sales events are far more psychologically calculated than they first appear. (A) A crossed-out original price, for instance, makes the discounted price seem like an exceptional deal, regardless of whether it truly is one. (B) Retailers rely on specific visual and verbal cues to make shoppers feel they are getting exceptional value. (C) Combined with phrases suggesting limited availability, these cues push customers toward faster, less deliberate purchasing decisions.

As climate change accelerates, investors around the world are paying closer attention to how companies affect the environment and society. (A) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. (B) ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. (C) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. (A) The system is not without drawbacks, however, since favoring titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures. (B) Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. (C) This approach keeps viewers engaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in refining it.

Long before a user finishes typing a sentence, the keyboard on most smartphones has already begun guessing what word comes next. (A) The system also adapts to each individual, gradually learning a person's favorite phrases, slang, and even the names of friends that no generic dictionary would recognize. (B) This constant personalization, however, creates a subtle side effect that few users notice, since autocomplete may be quietly narrowing everyday vocabulary. (C) This feature relies on a language model trained to notice which words commonly follow one another, so it can offer a shortlist of likely candidates, saving users countless keystrokes over the course of a day.