영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly ①recommend the opposite approach. Active recovery involves ②to perform low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely. This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which ③appears to help clear metabolic byproducts that accumulate during hard exercise more efficiently than complete stillness does. Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity ④does not meaningfully slow healing and may even reduce the perceived soreness that follows a hard session. The key distinction lies entirely in intensity: active recovery is not a second workout in disguise but a deliberately gentle session ⑤designed to support, rather than compete with, the body's underlying repair mechanisms.

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, ①assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically ②playing, building a remarkably detailed profile of individual taste. Listeners often praise the feature for ③introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift in how audiences ④discover new music. A song that the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle ⑤to reach listeners no matter how well it was written.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the ①present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households ②rush to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels ③safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem ④risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly ⑤postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.

Behavioral economists use the term temporal discounting to describe how people ①undervalue future rewards simply because those rewards are not immediate. This tendency explains why a student might choose to watch videos tonight rather than study for an exam that remains several weeks away, even though studying offers a ②smaller long-term benefit. A distant reward, no matter how valuable, feels psychologically smaller than a small reward available right now. This bias contributes to procrastination, since future consequences rarely feel ③urgent enough to motivate immediate action. To counter this tendency, students should ④convert distant goals into smaller, near-term milestones that feel more emotionally real. Setting weekly checkpoints rather than a final deadline can make future benefits feel ⑤closer and more concrete.

A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan ①tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a ②lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more ③consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. Sports scientists note an important caveat, however: a wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail available in a professional lab, so its suggestions should be treated as an ④infallible medical judgment rather than a helpful guideline, particularly for anyone ⑤managing a chronic health condition.

Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's gloomy post online? This phenomenon, known as emotional contagion, refers to the tendency of one person's feelings to spread to others nearby, almost like a cold passing between classmates. However, researchers have discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. For instance, when someone posts a negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. This suggests that emotions online spread through carefully chosen words alone. Consequently, many experts now argue that ___________.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, known as the default option. Research consistently shows that ___________, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries where citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies rather than individuals, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential. Still, supporters insist that because some default must always exist, it should support people's own long-term interests rather than mere institutional convenience.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to _______________. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Until last spring, Minji rarely thought twice about tossing a paper cup into the trash after finishing her coffee. _______________. That changed when her class was assigned a documentary about plastic waste drifting through the ocean, footage she initially expected to find boring. Instead, watching seabirds mistake plastic fragments for food left her strangely unsettled, and she found herself thinking about the assignment long after class ended. The next morning, almost without deciding to, she slipped her old tumbler into her backpack instead of buying a disposable cup on the way to school. It felt like a small, meaningless gesture at first. However, as weeks passed, she realized that consistently choosing the tumbler, declining a plastic straw, and reusing a shopping bag were quietly adding up. Small choices, she discovered, become meaningful once repeated.

For years, a small riverside village had suffered from flooding that grew worse with each passing summer. (A) In addition, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, and the village installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. (B) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced, becoming a model for neighboring communities. (C) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather, and engineers began by widening the drainage canals surrounding the village so that excess rainwater could flow away more efficiently.