영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Melatonin is a hormone ①produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, ②begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or ③suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, ④preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was ⑤intending.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work ①expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set ②vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already ③complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far ④more effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can ⑤counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window.

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more ①trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly ②more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, ③undermining consumer trust. Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk ④gaining credibility with their users, who expect authentic opinions when making decisions. Ultimately, the power of online reviews depends entirely on their perceived ⑤honesty.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face ①minimal responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ②slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can protect consumers just as ③effectively without stifling progress. Most experts agree that professionals handling sensitive data must be trained not only in technical skills but also in ethical ④decision-making. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses, recognizing that future employees will need to ⑤balance innovation with responsibility.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. Some artists ①welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art ②lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully ③replace artists anytime soon. Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment ④faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI may find themselves with a distinct ⑤disadvantage in this rapidly changing industry.

During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. Newly formed memories are initially ①fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has ②unlimited long-term capacity. While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more ③durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more ④resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day. Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants ⑤extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage.

As climate change accelerates, investors around the world are paying closer attention to how companies affect the environment and society. (A) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. (B) ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. (C) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

Soojin's rise as a content creator did not happen overnight, despite how it may have appeared to outsiders. (A) One video demonstrating a simple recipe, however, unexpectedly reached millions of viewers and changed everything almost instantly. (B) For months, she posted consistently despite earning very little attention, often doubting whether she should continue at all. (C) After that unexpected success, brands began reaching out, eventually allowing her to earn more than most entry-level jobs would pay.

In response, some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions that are deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits. After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. ( ① ) Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users who watched similar content, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. ( ② ) This approach keeps viewers engaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in refining it. ( ③ ) The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. ( ④ ) These wildcard picks are meant to counteract this narrowing effect and keep recommendations from becoming too predictable. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Unlike a rigid vegan diet, this approach does not require anyone to give up their favorite dishes completely. A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. ( ① ) This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. ( ② ) Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. ( ③ ) By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. ( ④ ) Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society.