영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The term green premium ①describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance ②often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, ③which creates unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits ④that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium ⑤to shrinking steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

Jiho had always assumed he would join a large corporation after graduation, just as his parents expected. During his final year of university, however, he joined a small student team building an app that connected local farmers directly with restaurants. What started as a class project gradually turned into something more ①serious, as several restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. Jiho and his teammates decided to ②abandon their idea and instead spend a year developing it further, despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky. They worked from a cramped apartment, surviving on ③limited savings while learning skills ranging from coding to negotiating with suppliers. After nearly failing twice, the team secured a small investment that allowed them to hire their first ④employee. Looking back, Jiho believes that the uncertainty of startup life taught him far more about problem-solving than any traditional job could have ⑤offered.

Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. By February, she had already quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept called ___________. This idea, developed by psychologists, means forming a specific if-then plan that links a certain situation to a certain action in advance. Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Regardless of which approach prevails, most experts agree that ___________. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

Loyalty programs have become a standard feature of modern retail strategy. (A) Critics counter that such programs often reward habit rather than genuine satisfaction with a product. (B) Supporters claim that points and rewards encourage customers to return again and again. (C) True loyalty, they argue, should be built through consistent quality rather than artificial incentives.

주어진 문장: This flexibility, however, comes with a hidden cost that many workers overlook. Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. ( ① ) Many companies that once required workers to commute daily now allow them to complete tasks from home. ( ② ) Supporters argue that remote work increases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. ( ③ ) It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, widening the pool of candidates. ( ④ ) Critics, however, worry that remote work weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. ( ⑤ ) Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships.

주어진 문장: The sudden attention was overwhelming, but it also opened doors she had never imagined. Soojin started posting short cooking videos on her phone during her last year of high school, never imagining it could become a career. ( ① ) At first, only a handful of friends watched her clips, and she nearly quit after several months without noticeable growth. ( ② ) She kept experimenting, however, adjusting her editing style and posting more consistently despite the discouraging numbers. Everything changed when one video demonstrating a simple recipe unexpectedly reached millions of viewers overnight. ( ③ ) Brands began contacting her, offering payment in exchange for featuring their products in future videos. ( ④ ) Within a year, Soojin was earning more from her online content than most entry-level jobs would have paid her. ( ⑤ ) Still, she quickly learned that being a creator demanded constant work, since algorithms rewarded frequent uploads and audiences expected fresh content daily.

주어진 문장: Many people, once they realize how much unused subscriptions cost them, feel genuine regret. The subscription economy refers to a business model in which consumers pay a recurring fee to access goods or services rather than owning them outright. ( ① ) This model has expanded rapidly beyond entertainment platforms into areas such as clothing, food, and even transportation. ( ② ) One major reason for this growth is convenience, since subscribers no longer need to make repeated purchasing decisions once they sign up. ( ③ ) However, some critics argue that subscriptions encourage people to pay for services they barely use, quietly draining their monthly budgets. ( ④ ) Because canceling often requires several steps, many consumers simply forget to end subscriptions they no longer need. ( ⑤ ) Consequently, experts recommend reviewing subscription lists regularly to avoid unnecessary expenses.