영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice ①known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy ②is design to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often ③call hitting the wall. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals ④matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised ⑤to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems ①contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only ②occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess ③similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably ④harder, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue delivering ⑤fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot offer.

In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially ①immune, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of ②hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. For example, some students report feeling ③paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a ④natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are encouraged to join community projects, since taking constructive action tends to ⑤restore a sense of control and ease overwhelming distress.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe _______________. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.

Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. Its products were solid, but customers rarely remembered the brand after a single purchase. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers who could not afford new pairs. She began printing this story on every shoebox and posting it across social media. Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. Sales slowly increased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that ___________.

Minimalism has become an appealing lifestyle choice for many young adults today. (A) As they discard unnecessary belongings, many report feeling less stressed and more focused on what truly matters to them. (B) Rather than accumulating possessions, they choose to keep only items that serve a clear purpose. (C) This shift often begins with a single frustrating experience, such as moving to a new home with too many boxes.

주어진 문장: Even small purchasing decisions, they argue, can accumulate into meaningful pressure on how companies operate. Value-based consumption refers to the practice of spending money on products or experiences that align with a person's personal beliefs, even if cheaper alternatives exist. ( ① ) Rather than simply seeking the lowest price, value-conscious consumers consider factors such as labor conditions, environmental impact, and community benefit before making a purchase. ( ② ) Some critics dismiss this approach as impractical, arguing that most people cannot afford to prioritize ethics over affordability in daily life. ( ③ ) However, supporters point out that value-based spending does not require constant sacrifice; it often means buying fewer, higher-quality items rather than accumulating cheap goods that wear out quickly. ( ④ ) This shift also encourages companies to improve their practices, since consumer demand increasingly rewards transparency and responsibility. ( ⑤ ) For example, a clothing brand that openly shares its supply chain information may attract loyal customers willing to pay slightly more.

주어진 문장: This is why a ten-minute wait for test results can feel far longer than a ten-minute conversation with a close friend. Have you ever felt a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? ( ① ) This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can differ from actual clock time. ( ② ) Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. ( ③ ) In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, making time feel as though it is dragging. ( ④ ) When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, unaware of how many minutes have passed. For example, athletes and musicians often say that hours felt like minutes while they were fully absorbed in performance. Meanwhile, students waiting anxiously for exam results describe the same few minutes as unbearably slow. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this distortion helps explain why identical time intervals can feel very different depending on mental state.

주어진 문장: This term captured exactly what had happened in her own chat room months earlier. Soyeon joined an online study group chat where dozens of students planned a class project together every evening. ( ① ) When one member suggested skipping a required survey step to save time, several others quickly agreed, and no one raised any objections. ( ② ) Soyeon privately worried that skipping the survey might weaken their project, but seeing everyone else nodding along, she stayed silent rather than risk sounding difficult. ( ③ ) The group proceeded confidently, convinced their shortcut was harmless, until their teacher pointed out serious gaps once the project was submitted. ( ④ ) Afterward, Soyeon learned about groupthink, a concept introduced by psychologist Irving Janis, describing how tightly connected groups often suppress doubts in order to maintain harmony and reach quick agreement. ( ⑤ ) She realized that the chat's friendly, unified atmosphere had actually discouraged critical thinking, making poor decisions feel completely normal at the time.

This gap remains even after accounting for factors such as study habits, motivation, and overall intelligence. Researchers who study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. ( ① ) Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. ( ② ) One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more durable long-term ones. ( ③ ) When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often feels unfamiliar the next morning. ( ④ ) For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever could. ( ⑤ )