영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, ①believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. Static stretching, in which a muscle ②is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, ③appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. As a result, many coaches now recommend ④to save static stretching for after a workout, when it may help restore muscle length and reduce soreness, while ⑤reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins.

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear ①less frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that ②shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply ③inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of ④disciplined training to translate that genetic potential into actual performance. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer ⑤determination.

Fast fashion refers to ①cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process ②pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a ③growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. For example, some companies ④collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, ⑤increasing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, _______________. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones that regulate appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules remains a slow and contentious process.

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why _______________. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity also builds new capillaries within muscle tissue and improves how cells throughout the body respond to insulin.

In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. For example, some students report feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are _______________.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones responsible for lengthening as a child develops. This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children, since _______________. Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when taught with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes.

Mira grew up in a small village where fishing and farming had sustained her family for generations. (A) International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law. (B) Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. (C) When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide.

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the opposite approach. (A) This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help clear metabolic byproducts more efficiently than complete stillness does. (B) Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity does not meaningfully slow healing. (C) Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely.