영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sociologists use the term homophily ①to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share similar backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships ②built on shared traits tend to feel comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can narrow the range of viewpoints someone ③encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that ④suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency ⑤allow individuals to make deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses ①increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. Cyberbullying ②minimizes this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity ③intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain ④silent instead. However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can ⑤disrupt this harmful pattern.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must _______________.

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, undermining consumer trust. Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk losing credibility with their users, who expect authentic opinions when making decisions. To address this issue, several review platforms have begun using artificial intelligence to identify suspicious patterns. Ultimately, the power of online reviews ___________.

Consumers today are bombarded with eco-friendly slogans on almost every product they buy. (A) Behind many of these slogans, however, lies a deceptive practice called greenwashing, in which companies exaggerate their environmental efforts without making real changes. (B) Consumers can avoid being fooled by such tactics by checking for recognized certifications and transparent, independently verified reports rather than trusting catchy labels alone. (C) For instance, a firm may highlight one eco-friendly product line while its factories continue to pollute rivers and emit large amounts of carbon.

Advertisers rely on a range of psychological strategies to shape how consumers perceive their products. (A) One especially common strategy involves showing large crowds of satisfied customers, implying that popularity equals quality. (B) These strategies work most effectively when viewers remain unaware that they are being persuaded at all. (C) For this reason, teaching people to recognize such techniques can reduce their persuasive power significantly.

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. (A) Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far higher than those of untrained individuals, reflecting hearts that pump larger volumes of blood and muscles that extract oxygen with remarkable efficiency. (B) While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. (C) It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since other factors such as pacing strategy and mental resilience also play a decisive role.

주어진 문장: Faced with this uncertainty, many people begin editing their online behavior far more cautiously than before. Social media researchers use the term context collapse to describe what happens when a single online post reaches audiences that would normally remain separate in offline life. ( ① ) In daily interactions, people naturally adjust their tone and content depending on whether they are speaking with family, close friends, or professional colleagues. ( ② ) However, a typical social media feed merges these distinct audiences into one undivided crowd, since a single post can simultaneously reach parents, employers, and casual acquaintances. ( ③ ) Consequently, users often struggle to decide which version of themselves to present, knowing that a joke suitable for close friends might seem unprofessional to a supervisor. ( ④ ) For example, a party photo posted for friends could later damage someone's reputation if an employer notices it. ( ⑤ ) This tension forces many users to either self-censor heavily or maintain multiple separate accounts tailored to different audiences.

주어진 문장: Over time, these short breaks stopped feeling like sacrifices and started feeling like small rewards. For most of last year, Junho refreshed his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. ( ① ) This restless anxiety, often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. ( ② ) One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. ( ③ ) Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. ( ④ ) Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or having an uninterrupted conversation with his family. ( ⑤ ) This shift in attitude reflects what psychologists now call JOMO, the joy of missing out, a mindset that treats disconnection as freedom rather than loss.

In other words, what looks like a lack of discipline may actually be a biological mismatch. Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. ( ① ) This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. ( ② ) During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. ( ③ ) As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults are, and when early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. ( ④ ) Researchers who study this mismatch argue that the underlying problem is not laziness or poor discipline among students, but a scheduling system built around adult rhythms rather than adolescent ones. ( ⑤ ) Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance.