영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, ①describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens ②create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate ③to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles ④illustrates how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who ⑤receive them.

Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. One day, Minji excitedly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. Standing there, Minji slowly realized that ___________.

Telemedicine, which allows patients to consult doctors through video calls rather than in-person visits, has expanded rapidly since its early adoption. However, critics contend that virtual appointments cannot fully replace physical examinations, which remain essential for detecting certain conditions. Despite such concerns, most healthcare experts believe telemedicine will continue to grow, complementing rather than replacing traditional in-person care. As this shift continues, ___________.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms _______________.

A growing number of people are practicing what is now called digital detox, the deliberate decision to stop using smartphones for a set period. Rather than checking notifications every few minutes, participants unplug for a weekend, a week, or sometimes even longer. Numerous studies suggest that this temporary withdrawal produces real benefits for both the mind and the body. First, attention spans fragmented by constant notifications gradually recover, allowing people to concentrate on single tasks for longer stretches. Second, avoiding screens before bedtime improves sleep quality, since blue light emitted by devices is known to disrupt natural sleep cycles. Third, people freed from their phones often rediscover the pleasure of face-to-face conversations that had been replaced by texting. Critics argue that complete disconnection is impractical in a hyperconnected society, yet even brief, regular breaks appear to restore balance. Therefore, _______________.

Breaking the bystander effect requires more than good intentions; it requires concrete action from those who witness cruelty online. (A) Simply reporting an abusive post to platform moderators, for example, can remove harmful content before it spreads further. (B) Even small gestures, such as privately messaging the victim with words of support, can reduce the isolation that targets of cyberbullying often feel. (C) Both of these actions demonstrate that individual witnesses possess more power to help than the bystander effect leads them to believe.

Colors carry different psychological associations that marketers use strategically when designing logos. (A) Red, for example, often appears in logos related to food and sales, since it tends to stimulate energy and urgency. (B) Blue, on the other hand, frequently appears in logos for banks and technology companies because it suggests trust and stability. (C) These associations, however, are not universal, since the same color can carry very different meanings across cultures.

Goffman's original theory focused on face-to-face interaction, but researchers have expanded it to explain behavior on social media. (A) Unlike face-to-face encounters, online platforms allow users unlimited time to edit captions, retouch photos, and delete unflattering content before anyone sees it. (B) This expanded control means that online impression management can be even more deliberate and polished than anything Goffman originally observed in daily conversation. (C) As a result, some scholars argue that today's online performances create unrealistic standards that traditional face-to-face interactions never produced.

The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however. A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns for that time of day, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. ( ① ) This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all. ( ② ) When thousands of drivers are simultaneously redirected onto the same shortcut, that quiet side street can quickly become as congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. ( ③ ) Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic. ( ④ ) They argue that an algorithm optimizing for individual convenience can end up creating a new, entirely different problem for the wider community. ( ⑤ )

In short, an effective fueling plan treats carbohydrate loading as one tool among many, not a substitute for well-rounded nutrition. In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. ( ① ) The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. ( ② ) Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often call hitting the wall. ( ③ ) Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day. ( ④ ) Beyond carbohydrates, adequate protein and micronutrient intake throughout the training cycle remains essential, since fueling strategy is only one part of a much larger nutritional picture. ( ⑤ )