영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly ②observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose ③to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, ①discouraged additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion ④to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones ⑤remain hidden.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems ①contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only ②occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess ③similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably ④harder, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue delivering ⑤fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot offer.

Soojin started posting short cooking videos on her phone during her last year of high school, never imagining it could become a career. At first, only a handful of friends watched her clips, and she nearly ①quit after several months without noticeable growth. She kept experimenting, however, adjusting her editing style and posting more ②consistently despite the discouraging numbers. Everything changed when one video demonstrating a simple recipe unexpectedly reached millions of viewers overnight. Within a year, Soojin was earning ③more from her online content than most entry-level jobs would have paid her. Still, she quickly learned that being a creator demanded ④minimal work, since algorithms rewarded frequent uploads and audiences expected fresh content daily. Looking back, Soojin realizes that persistence, rather than luck alone, transformed her hobby into a ⑤demanding profession.

One common method, known as social proof, shows images of many people using or enjoying a product, suggesting that its ①popularity guarantees quality. Another technique appeals to authority, featuring experts or professionals endorsing a product to make it seem more ②credible and trustworthy. Repetition also plays a significant role, since seeing the same advertisement multiple times ③decreases familiarity, which people often mistake for reliability. Researchers studying consumer behavior have found that viewers who understand these techniques are less easily ④influenced by them, since awareness disrupts the automatic psychological response advertisers depend on. For this reason, media literacy programs increasingly teach students to ⑤recognize persuasive techniques hidden within everyday advertisements.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that ___________. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

When a beverage company launched a new flavor last summer, the marketing team faced a tight budget and needed a creative solution. Instead of relying on expensive television commercials, they designed a simple dance challenge and invited a handful of everyday users to post videos using the product. Within days, thousands of people began recreating the dance and tagging the brand, turning an ordinary product launch into a viral trend. The company barely spent any money on production, yet the challenge reached millions of viewers across multiple platforms. Encouraged by this success, other brands quickly attempted similar challenges, though many failed to generate the same excitement. Researchers later explained that the original challenge succeeded because it felt spontaneous and fun rather than obviously commercial. This case demonstrates that ___________.

Online advertising algorithms analyze enormous amounts of user data to determine which products a person is most likely to purchase. As a result, the ads that appear on a person's screen often feel remarkably specific, sometimes referencing items browsed only minutes earlier. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Critics, however, worry that constant exposure to tailored ads can encourage unnecessary spending, since algorithms are specifically designed to identify and exploit individual weaknesses. Because these algorithms operate largely without public oversight, few consumers fully understand how their personal data shapes what they eventually buy. Greater transparency, many experts argue, would ___________.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

Habit researchers often note that people overestimate the role of motivation in daily routines. (A) As a result, they frequently give up soon after starting, blaming themselves for lacking discipline. (B) In contrast, Fogg's framework suggests that shrinking the task itself is more effective than boosting motivation. (C) Because motivation naturally rises and falls, relying on it alone often leads to inconsistent effort.

Static stretching, in which a muscle is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. ( ① ) Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. ( ② ) This is especially troubling for sprinters or jumpers who need maximum power right away. ( ③ ) Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. ( ④ ) As a result, many coaches now recommend saving static stretching for after a workout, while reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins. ( ⑤ )