영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Modern advertising increasingly relies on personal data ①collected from users' browsing habits, search histories, and social media activity. Companies argue that this approach benefits consumers by showing advertisements that are more relevant to their actual interests. However, many critics contend that this level of tracking raises serious concerns about privacy, since users rarely understand how extensively their behavior ②is being monitored. Some algorithms can predict purchasing decisions before consumers themselves are consciously aware of them, ③which feel unsettling to many people. Furthermore, personalized advertising can trap users in a narrow bubble, repeatedly showing them similar products and ④limiting their exposure to alternatives. Supporters counter that consumers who dislike targeted ads can simply ⑤adjust their privacy settings.

Rather than replacing human creativity outright, many artists, writers, and filmmakers have begun ①treating AI tools as an unusual kind of collaborator, one that generates dozens of rough options in the time it would take a person to sketch just one. A novelist might ask an AI model for ten possible opening lines and then discard nine, ②keeping only the phrase that sparks an idea worth developing further. A film composer might use an AI system to generate a rough melody, then ③rework it entirely by hand until it fits the emotional tone of a specific scene. What makes this collaboration work, according to many creators, is that the human remains firmly in charge of judgment and taste, ④using the AI's output as raw material rather than a finished product. Critics counter that this framing can understate the risk, since even a first draft ultimately ⑤shape everything that follows it.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results rather than trusting them. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks ①that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably smooth. Frequent travelers now point their phone cameras at street signs and ②receiving an instant translation overlaid on the screen. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, areas ③where a single wrong word can completely change the intended meaning. A joke that depends on wordplay in one language may become confusing once it ④is translated literally into another. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful starting point rather than a final, polished result that no human ⑤needs to review.

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately ①increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy is designed to ②maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating ③familiar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised to ④practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day. Beyond carbohydrates, adequate protein and micronutrient intake throughout the training cycle remains ⑤essential, since fueling strategy is only one part of a much larger nutritional picture.

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach ①emphasizes something important. Unlike time, which flows at a ②constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours to finish what takes thirty minutes at ③peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often produces careless mistakes that require additional time to ④correct later. Advocates of energy management recommend identifying one's peak hours and reserving them for demanding work, while saving low-energy periods for ⑤routine tasks.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment, and the psychological weight of that pressure can undermine skills that feel automatic in practice. Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes called choking under pressure. Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests is nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes to _______________. Structured breathing exercises and pre-performance routines also help athletes regain a sense of control before a decisive moment.

Jiho's path into entrepreneurship began almost by accident, far from the corporate career his parents had imagined for him. (A) Despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky, Jiho and his teammates decided to delay job applications and pursue the idea further. (B) A class project he joined during his final year gradually evolved into something more serious, as restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. (C) That decision eventually paid off, as the team secured a small investment after nearly failing twice.

Mina's career path illustrates how unpredictable the job market can be for graduates entering emerging fields. (A) Soon afterward, however, a small startup building a traffic-prediction app offered her a chance to analyze large sets of data. (B) At first, she struggled to find a position that matched her academic background, since few employers understood the value of her statistical skills. (C) That opportunity transformed her career, leading her eventually to lead a team of analysts mentoring the next generation.

FOMO refers to the anxious feeling that arises when people believe they are missing out on rewarding experiences that others are having. (A) For instance, a student who sees photos of a gathering she missed may feel sudden regret, even though the event is already over. (B) This feeling often leads people to check their phones compulsively, which makes it hard to focus on tasks at hand. (C) Such experiences are common among heavy social media users, who constantly compare their lives with the curated posts of others.