영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that ①appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, ②influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against ③interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited. Even athletes who carry every favorable variant identified so far still require years of disciplined training ④to translate that genetic potential into actual performance, and many elite competitors lack some of these supposedly advantageous variants altogether. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range ⑤depend overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

Soyeon joined an online study group chat where dozens of students ①planned a class project together every evening. When one member suggested ②skip a required survey step to save time, several others quickly agreed, and no one raised any objections. Soyeon privately worried that skipping the survey might ③weaken their project, but seeing everyone else nodding along, she stayed silent rather than risk sounding difficult. The group proceeded confidently, convinced their shortcut was harmless, until their teacher ④pointed out serious gaps once the project was submitted. She realized that the chat's friendly, unified atmosphere had actually ⑤discouraged critical thinking, making poor decisions feel completely normal at the time.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are ①designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, ②known as the default option. Research consistently shows that people tend to stick with whatever is already set, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries ③which citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees ④automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential, and supporters insist it should be designed ⑤to support people's long-term interests.

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. Its products were ①solid, but customers rarely ②remembered the brand after a single purchase. Sales slowly ③decreased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar ④emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into ⑤loyal supporters.

As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. Beyond technical knowledge, employers consistently rank problem-solving and adaptability among the most valuable qualities in job candidates. Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize these competencies, moving away from rote memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace challenges. Some critics worry that this shift undervalues traditional academic knowledge, but most experts insist that ___________.

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. Cyberbullying magnifies this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain silent instead. However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can disrupt this harmful pattern. Therefore, witnesses online must _______________.

Imagine a classroom discussion where nearly everyone seems to support one viewpoint. (A) As more silence accumulates, the minority opinion appears rarer than it truly is, discouraging even more people from speaking. (B) A student who privately disagrees might quickly sense this imbalance and decide to remain quiet rather than face disapproval. (C) This exact pattern, described by the spiral of silence theory, also unfolds across entire societies and online communities.

주어진 문장: This concern reflects a deeper fear about what makes art meaningful in the first place. Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. ( ① ) Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and even draft short stories within seconds. ( ② ) Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. ( ③ ) Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. ( ④ ) Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. ( ⑤ ) Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.

주어진 문장: This constant awareness of human presence is what distinguishes cobots from older industrial machines. Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. ( ① ) Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors to detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. ( ② ) This technology allows humans and machines to share the same workspace without the risk of dangerous accidents. ( ③ ) In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment and fine motor skills. ( ④ ) This division of labor increases overall efficiency, since each side contributes what it does best. ( ⑤ ) Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries and higher worker satisfaction.