영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm ①figure out what it contains. This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, ②identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. Shoppers use it to find where an item seen on the street can ③be purchased, while students use it to identify plants, insects, or historical artworks in seconds. The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, then ④matches that pattern against millions of stored examples. It is not flawless, however; a blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily ⑤confuse the algorithm.

A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. Standing before the ①massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. Instead, she discovered that the glacier had ②retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly ③disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a ⑤distant statistic, was in fact a ④trivial process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, _______________, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably smooth. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, so that _______________. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful starting point rather than a final, polished result.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on _______________.

The framing effect describes how people respond differently to the same information depending on how it is presented, even when the underlying facts remain unchanged. When news outlets describe climate change primarily as a looming crisis, filled with images of disasters and warnings of irreversible damage, audiences often react with fear or, paradoxically, with hopeless resignation. In contrast, when the same issue is framed as an opportunity, emphasizing innovative technologies and emerging green jobs, readers tend to feel more motivated to act and support policy change. Neither framing alone tells the complete story, since climate change genuinely involves both serious risks and promising solutions. Therefore, journalists who rely too heavily on either extreme risk distorting public understanding and discouraging meaningful engagement. _______________.

One reason many consumers hesitate to switch to greener options involves a specific pricing gap that economists have named. (A) This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense, while wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. (B) This gap, known as the green premium, describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product over a cheaper, conventional alternative; for example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions. (C) To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, and as production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the premium to shrink steadily.

When a customer opens a company's website at midnight with a billing question, an actual employee is unlikely to be available, which is exactly the gap that customer service chatbots were built to fill. (A) These programs can instantly answer common questions, track packages, and process simple refunds without making anyone wait on hold, and a single chatbot can handle thousands of conversations simultaneously. (B) Yet the technology has clear boundaries, since an unusual or emotionally charged problem can leave the automated replies feeling frustratingly circular. (C) Many companies have responded by designing chatbots to recognize their own limits, automatically transferring a frustrated customer to a human agent before the conversation turns into a source of complaint.

주어진 문장: This is precisely why scientists treat these thresholds with such urgency, rather than viewing them as distant, abstract possibilities. Climate scientists frequently warn about tipping points, thresholds beyond which a small additional change triggers a large, often irreversible shift in the climate system. ( ① ) Unlike gradual warming, which unfolds steadily over decades, crossing a tipping point can produce dramatic consequences within a short period. ( ② ) For instance, as Arctic ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight than reflective ice, accelerating further melting in a self-reinforcing cycle. ( ③ ) Similarly, scientists worry that a major ocean current, which currently redistributes heat across the planet, could slow dramatically if enough freshwater from melting glaciers dilutes the surrounding seawater. ( ④ ) Once such thresholds are crossed, restoring the original balance may become nearly impossible, even if emissions are later reduced. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, researchers argue that preventing these transitions matters more than merely slowing average temperature increases. Identifying how close each system stands to its threshold remains one of the most urgent challenges in climate research.

Whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. ( ① ) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. ( ② ) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch. ( ③ ) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. ( ④ ) As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other. ( ⑤ )