영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A smart thermostat that learns a family's daily rhythm can lower the temperature automatically before everyone wakes up cold, while smart lights ①that follow a resident's schedule no longer need to be switched on and off by hand. These small conveniences rest on a shared foundation: sensors collect data about temperature, motion, and light throughout the home, and an algorithm gradually learns ②which settings match each household's actual habits rather than a factory default. Over months of use, the system becomes noticeably better at ③anticipate needs, often adjusting settings moments before a resident would have reached for a switch. Yet convenience comes with a trade-off that many households ④overlook. Every one of these small adjustments depends on constant data collection, meaning that a detailed record of when people wake, leave, and return home is quietly ⑤being stored somewhere beyond their immediate control.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often ①provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which ②allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users ③keeping hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue ④delivering fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot ⑤offer.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones ①that are responsible for lengthening as a child develops. This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found little evidence ②that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children. The actual risk arises not from lifting weights itself but from poor technique, excessive load, and inadequate supervision, factors ③that can injure any part of a young athlete's body regardless of the activity involved. Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when ④teaching with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely ⑤improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system _______________. However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. One day, Minji excitedly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. Standing there, Minji slowly realized that ___________.

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. (A) Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic, arguing that the algorithm can end up creating a new problem for the wider community. (B) The convenience comes at a cost that few passengers consider, however, since redirecting thousands of drivers onto the same shortcut can make a quiet side street as congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. (C) This flood of information allows the app to reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results rather than trusting them. (A) Frequent travelers now point their phone cameras at street signs and receive an instant translation overlaid on the screen, thanks to this leap in accuracy. (B) Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, areas where a single wrong word can completely change the intended meaning. (C) Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word.

A documentary director named Mira set out on her first trip to a remote Arctic glacier, eager to film its towering cliffs of blue ice. (A) Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, she realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade, which convinced her that climate change was an urgent process reshaping landscapes before her eyes. (B) Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, only to discover that the glacier had retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs had nearly disappeared, leaving bare rock and meltwater behind. (C) Standing before the massive wall of ice on that first trip, she assumed that such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime.

Time perception can also shift according to age, not only according to attention or emotion. (A) This may occur because each year represents a smaller fraction of a person's total life as they grow older. (B) Many older adults report that entire years seem to pass more quickly than they did during childhood. (C) Psychologists studying this phenomenon have proposed that our sense of time speed is partly relative rather than fixed.

Habit researchers often note that people overestimate the role of motivation in daily routines. (A) As a result, they frequently give up soon after starting, blaming themselves for lacking discipline. (B) In contrast, Fogg's framework suggests that shrinking the task itself is more effective than boosting motivation. (C) Because motivation naturally rises and falls, relying on it alone often leads to inconsistent effort.