영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, ①treating it as a purely scientific issue. However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are ②distributed unevenly across the globe. Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, ③which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. This gap between responsibility and suffering ④raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or ⑤flying on a plane. Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

A small riverside village had endured severe flooding almost every summer, ①watching helplessly as rising water damaged homes and destroyed crops year after year. Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, ②adjusted their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather. Engineers widened the drainage canals surrounding the village, ③allowing excess rainwater to flow away more efficiently instead of pooling in low-lying streets. Meanwhile, several families ④whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, even though leaving their long-time homes was emotionally difficult. The village also installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced. ⑤Their resilience became a model for neighboring communities.

Rather than replacing human creativity outright, many artists, writers, and filmmakers have begun ①treating AI tools as an unusual kind of collaborator, one that generates dozens of rough options in the time it would take a person to sketch just one. A novelist might ask an AI model for ten possible opening lines and then discard nine, ②keeping only the phrase that sparks an idea worth developing further. A film composer might use an AI system to generate a rough melody, then ③rework it entirely by hand until it fits the emotional tone of a specific scene. What makes this collaboration work, according to many creators, is that the human remains firmly in charge of judgment and taste, ④using the AI's output as raw material rather than a finished product. Critics counter that this framing can understate the risk, since even a first draft ultimately ⑤shape everything that follows it.

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, ①assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically ②playing, building a remarkably detailed profile of individual taste. Listeners often praise the feature for ③introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift in how audiences ④discover new music. A song that the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle ⑤to reach listeners no matter how well it was written.

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit ①begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an ②automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a ③negative feeling that makes it want to ④repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run almost without ⑤conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

On a summer evening, downtown streets often feel ①noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities ②retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat ③instantly, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly radiate it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling. Tall buildings packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with ④abundant trees and open water naturally stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and ⑤expanding public parks, hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does.

The term green premium _______________. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why _______________. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity also builds new capillaries within muscle tissue and improves how cells throughout the body respond to insulin.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. (A) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. (B) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. (C) Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions therefore face a particularly difficult balance, since sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance.

Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand. Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. ( ① ) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than copying any single source directly. ( ② ) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. ( ③ ) Professional musicians, however, remain divided. ( ④ ) Others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once relied on to build a career. ( ⑤ )