영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Have you ever ①feel a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can ②differ from actual clock time. Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity ③process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, ④making time feel as though it is dragging. When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, ⑤unaware of how many minutes have passed.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are ①designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, ②known as the default option. Research consistently shows that people tend to stick with whatever is already set, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries ③which citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees ④automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential, and supporters insist it should be designed ⑤to support people's long-term interests.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Supporters argue that remote work ①decreases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, ②widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work ③weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel ④isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships. For these reasons, many experts suggest that the future of work will likely be hybrid, ⑤combining flexibility with occasional in-person collaboration.

Jiho had always assumed he would join a large corporation after graduation, just as his parents expected. During his final year of university, however, he joined a small student team building an app that connected local farmers directly with restaurants. After nearly failing twice, the team secured a small investment that allowed them to hire their first employee. Looking back, Jiho believes that ___________.

A small riverside village had endured severe flooding almost every summer, watching helplessly as rising water damaged homes and destroyed crops year after year. Frustrated residents eventually decided to _______________. Engineers widened the drainage canals surrounding the village, allowing excess rainwater to flow away more efficiently instead of pooling in low-lying streets. Meanwhile, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, even though leaving their long-time homes was emotionally difficult. The village also installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced. Their resilience became a model for neighboring communities.

Greenwashing has become a common strategy among companies eager to appear environmentally responsible. (A) For example, a company might use a green logo or the word "eco" without changing its actual production methods at all. (B) In contrast, genuine sustainability requires real changes, such as reducing waste or using renewable energy sources. (C) Often, this involves marketing language that suggests care for the planet while offering little real evidence.

The growing sophistication of cyberattacks has transformed cybersecurity into one of the most in-demand career fields. (A) Universities have responded to this trend by launching specialized degree programs focused entirely on cybersecurity. (B) As a result, businesses across nearly every industry now compete to hire qualified security professionals. (C) Hackers today target organizations of every size, from small retailers to major financial institutions.

Temporal discounting offers a useful lens for understanding why long-term goals so often lose out to short-term pleasures. (A) Consequently, replacing distant, abstract goals with smaller, immediate milestones can make future rewards feel psychologically closer and more motivating. (B) Research shows that people consistently prefer a smaller reward available today over a considerably larger reward promised weeks later. (C) This preference persists even when the delayed reward is clearly the more rational choice, revealing how strongly immediacy influences decision-making.

주어진 문장: This feeling is not simply nervousness about being alone, but a specific condition that researchers have begun to study closely. Many people feel a sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. ( ① ) This intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," a term describing the fear of losing connection to one's phone. ( ② ) Nomophobia involves physical symptoms, including a racing heart, sweating, and restlessness, whenever a person cannot check messages or social media. ( ③ ) Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. ( ④ ) For example, some students check their phones dozens of times an hour, even during class, just to confirm nothing important has been missed. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to weaken this anxious dependence. ( ⑤ ) Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a healthier relationship with technology.

주어진 문장: In other words, working longer hours does not necessarily lead to better results if that time is spent in a low-energy state. For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. ( ① ) This alternative approach, known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. ( ② ) Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. ( ③ ) A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. ( ④ ) Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often produces careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later. ( ⑤ ) Advocates of energy management recommend identifying one's peak hours and reserving them for demanding work, while saving low-energy periods for routine tasks.