영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Modern sports wearables, from wrist-worn fitness trackers to smart insoles ①embedding in running shoes, continuously collect data that would once have required a laboratory to measure. Heart rate, sleep quality, running cadence, and even subtle changes in gait can now ②be monitored during ordinary daily activity rather than only in a controlled clinical setting. Coaches use this constant stream of information to ③detect early warning signs of overtraining, sometimes noticing a decline in performance before the athlete consciously feels tired. However, the flood of data has created a new challenge: distinguishing a meaningful pattern from ordinary daily fluctuation ④requires expertise that many amateur athletes simply do not have. For this reason, most experts recommend ⑤treating wearable data as a general trend to observe over time, not as a precise diagnostic tool.

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad ①sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is ②forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently ③guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which ④persuade new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges ⑤rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight ①lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, ②forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. Dehydration also impairs the body's ability ③to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously ④depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy ⑤tailoring to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event.

To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now ①purchases carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often ②functions as a convenient excuse for postponing genuine emission cuts rather than achieving them. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later ③burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly ④additional. Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses ⑤to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible.

ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires _______________. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm figure out what it contains. (A) The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, such as edges, colors, and shapes, then matching that pattern against millions of stored examples. (B) This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. (C) It is not flawless, however; a blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily confuse the algorithm.

Consumers today are bombarded with eco-friendly slogans on almost every product they buy. (A) Behind many of these slogans, however, lies a deceptive practice called greenwashing, in which companies exaggerate their environmental efforts without making real changes. (B) Consumers can avoid being fooled by such tactics by checking for recognized certifications and transparent, independently verified reports rather than trusting catchy labels alone. (C) For instance, a firm may highlight one eco-friendly product line while its factories continue to pollute rivers and emit large amounts of carbon.

None of these explanations, in other words, has to be the whole story. For centuries, dreams have fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, yet no single theory fully explains why the sleeping brain generates such vivid and often bizarre experiences. ( ① ) One prominent idea suggests that dreaming helps the brain process emotional experiences, replaying difficult events in a safe, low-stakes environment so that their emotional intensity gradually fades. ( ② ) Another theory proposes that dreams serve a more practical function, allowing the brain to rehearse responses to threats without any real danger, a kind of nightly simulation that may have offered early humans a survival advantage. ( ③ ) Still other researchers argue that dreaming is simply a byproduct of the brain organizing memories, with vivid imagery arising as the mind sorts through the day's information rather than serving any independent purpose of its own. ( ④ ) Because these theories rest on indirect evidence rather than direct observation of subjective experience, none has been conclusively proven. ( ⑤ ) Many scientists now suspect that dreaming may serve several of these functions simultaneously rather than just one.

For this reason, nutritionists generally advise spreading moderate portions of protein evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout meal. After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. ( ① ) This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. ( ② ) Waiting too long to eat can slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. ( ③ ) Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will speed up this process. ( ④ ) But the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Every rainy season, the water rose a little higher, leaving the villagers increasingly anxious about their future. Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. ( ① ) When the sea finally swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. ( ② ) Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. ( ③ ) This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide. ( ④ ) Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. ( ⑤ ) International organizations, however, still struggle to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially recognized as refugees under current law.