영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Wearable devices ①that track sleep have become enormously popular, promising a detailed breakdown of light, deep, and REM sleep each night. These gadgets typically rely on movement sensors and heart rate monitors ②to estimate sleep stages, since directly measuring brain activity would require equipment found only in a sleep laboratory. Independent studies ③compares wearable data with polysomnography, the gold-standard method used in clinical sleep labs, have found that consumer devices are reasonably accurate at distinguishing sleep from wakefulness but considerably less reliable at identifying specific sleep stages. Some trackers overestimate deep sleep, while others ④underestimate the amount of time spent in REM sleep, and the margin of error can vary widely between brands. Despite these limitations, many users have come ⑤to treat the nightly score generated by their device as an objective medical verdict, sometimes experiencing anxiety when the number falls below what they expect, a phenomenon researchers have begun calling orthosomnia.

Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle ①that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain ②that responds to light entering through the eyes. When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body ③to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone ④promotes drowsiness. Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also ⑤been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.

Automation is transforming labor markets more ①quickly than economists predicted a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms that assemble products with remarkable ②precision. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that never existed before, so technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high ③demand. Companies that invested early in automation often report steady increases in productivity, since machines handle repetitive tasks while employees focus on ④creative problem-solving. Without proper retraining support, the benefits of automation may not be shared fairly, ⑤narrowing inequality between skilled and unskilled labor.

As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status have become increasingly ①urgent. Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, which means they lack access to minimum wage guarantees, paid sick leave, and unemployment insurance. Companies ②oppose this arrangement because it allows them to avoid the costs associated with hiring full employees. Worker advocates argue that many platform workers ③depend on these jobs as their primary source of income, much like traditional employees do. Several countries have recently begun ④reconsidering their labor laws, proposing new categories that would grant platform workers some employee-like protections. Supporters of these reforms believe fair treatment and flexibility can ⑤coexist within the same system.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

When Mina graduated from college five years ago, she had never even heard the term "data scientist." Everything changed when a small tech startup, which was building an app to predict traffic patterns, hired her to analyze massive amounts of data. Mina quickly discovered that she loved turning raw numbers into insights that helped real people make better decisions. Within two years, ___________, as companies in every industry realized how valuable data could be. Today, Mina leads a team of ten analysts, mentoring young graduates who are drawn to a field that barely existed when she began her own career.

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to _______________. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm figure out what it contains. (A) The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, such as edges, colors, and shapes, then matching that pattern against millions of stored examples. (B) This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. (C) It is not flawless, however; a blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily confuse the algorithm.

The growing sophistication of cyberattacks has transformed cybersecurity into one of the most in-demand career fields. (A) Universities have responded to this trend by launching specialized degree programs focused entirely on cybersecurity. (B) As a result, businesses across nearly every industry now compete to hire qualified security professionals. (C) Hackers today target organizations of every size, from small retailers to major financial institutions.

Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions face a particularly difficult balance, because sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance. Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. ( ① ) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. ( ② ) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. ( ③ ) Simply drinking large amounts of plain water is not always sufficient, however, since heavy sweating also flushes out sodium and other electrolytes essential for proper muscle function. ( ④ ) For this reason, sports scientists generally recommend a hydration strategy that replaces both fluid and electrolytes, tailored to an individual athlete's sweat rate and the specific conditions of the event. ( ⑤ )