영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly ①exposed to opinions that already match their own beliefs. This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to ②recommending content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber rarely engage with viewpoints ③that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely unreasonable, ④having never seriously considered its arguments. Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often ⑤linked to this pattern of selective exposure.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are ①designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, ②known as the default option. Research consistently shows that people tend to stick with whatever is already set, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries ③which citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees ④automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential, and supporters insist it should be designed ⑤to support people's long-term interests.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ①ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, ②learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than ③copying any single source directly. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before ④refine them by hand, while others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once ⑤relied on to build a career.

Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice carries real physiological costs. A cold muscle is ①more flexible and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly asked to contract forcefully. Gradually raising body temperature through light activity ②increases blood flow to the muscles, allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, ③easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report ④better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already ⑤primed rather than adjusting on the fly.

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that help the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it harder to fall asleep on demand. They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that _______________, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body to perform at a certain time each day.

A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that _______________.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, _______________. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones that regulate appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules remains a slow and contentious process.

Many people struggling to fall asleep in noisy environments turn to white noise machines, devices that emit a steady, uniform sound covering a broad range of frequencies. (A) Without this masking effect, an abrupt change in sound is far more likely to trigger a brief awakening, even if the sleeper does not consciously remember it the next morning. (B) The appeal lies in a phenomenon called auditory masking, in which a constant background sound makes sudden noises, such as a slamming door, less noticeable to the sleeping brain. (C) However, researchers caution that the benefit depends heavily on volume and consistency, since noise that is too loud or unpredictable can itself become a source of disruption rather than a remedy.

Jihun wanted to start stretching every day but kept forgetting no matter how many notes he left himself. (A) After a month, he no longer needed to think about it, because the smell of coffee alone reminded him to stretch. (B) He decided to try habit stacking by connecting the new habit to something he already did without fail each morning. (C) Since he never skipped making coffee before school, he began stretching for five minutes while the coffee machine ran.

This connection is not merely correlational; sleep appears to directly supply the raw materials the immune system needs. When the body fights off an infection, the immune system relies heavily on adequate sleep to function effectively. ( ① ) During deep sleep, the body produces and releases cytokines, proteins that help regulate immune responses and coordinate the fight against harmful invaders such as viruses and bacteria. ( ② ) People who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night show measurably weaker antibody responses after vaccination compared with those who sleep seven or eight hours, suggesting that sleep loss can blunt the immune system's ability to build lasting protection. ( ③ ) Chronic sleep deprivation also appears to promote low-grade inflammation throughout the body, a state that, over time, has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease and other chronic conditions. ( ④ ) Rather than being a passive state in which the body simply rests, sleep functions as an active period during which the immune system repairs itself and prepares for future threats. ( ⑤ ) This is why doctors often recommend extra sleep, not just medication, when someone is fighting an illness.