영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that ①gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness without ②disturbing the healing tissue. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly ③weakening strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since tissue that appears healed on the surface may still be ④structurally fragile beneath it. Skipping the final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically ⑤increases the risk of re-injury.

A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. Standing before the ①massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. Instead, she discovered that the glacier had ②retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly ③disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a ⑤distant statistic, was in fact a ④trivial process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially sensitive to. During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us alert and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep. Specialized cells in the retina detect blue light and send signals to the brain's internal clock, which results in _______________. Studies have found that people who scroll through their phones in bed before sleeping take longer to fall asleep and experience lighter, more easily disrupted sleep than those who avoid screens. Some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward warmer tones, reducing blue light output in the evening. While this feature may help slightly, sleep researchers generally recommend limiting screen use altogether in the hour before bedtime for the best results.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so awkward that users often laughed at the results. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably smooth. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, so that _______________. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful starting point rather than a final, polished result.

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why _______________. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity also builds new capillaries within muscle tissue and improves how cells throughout the body respond to insulin.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," describes the intense anxiety many people feel when they are separated from their smartphones. (A) For instance, some individuals check their phones every few minutes even when they know no one has contacted them, simply to ease this fear. (B) This anxiety often includes physical symptoms such as a racing heart or sweating, especially when the phone's battery is running low or its signal disappears. (C) Because of these effects, experts recommend gradually limiting phone use to build tolerance for being disconnected.

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. (A) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide. (B) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. (C) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them.

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. (A) In response, some school districts have experimented with delaying start times, and early results suggest that students who gain extra rest show improved grades and better mood. (B) As a result, chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. (C) Part of the problem lies in biology, since the body's internal clock naturally shifts later during puberty, while school start times rarely adjust to match.

In other words, the body keeps a running total rather than resetting each day. Sleep debt refers to the cumulative gap between the amount of sleep a person needs and the amount they actually get. ( ① ) Unlike a financial debt, however, this deficit cannot simply be repaid with a single long weekend of rest. ( ② ) When someone loses two hours of sleep every night for a week, the body does not treat the shortage as fourteen separate small losses; instead, it accumulates the deficit, and the resulting impairment in attention and mood can resemble that of a person who has been awake for an entire night. ( ③ ) Researchers have found that even modest, chronic sleep restriction gradually impairs reaction time and decision-making, often without the affected person noticing the decline. ( ④ ) This is because subjective feelings of tiredness tend to plateau after a few days, even as objective performance keeps deteriorating. ( ⑤ ) Consequently, people frequently underestimate how much sleep debt they are carrying until a demanding task suddenly exposes the accumulated cost.

Only in recent years have researchers begun to seriously question whether this long-standing fear was ever justified in the first place. Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones that are responsible for lengthening as a child develops. ( ① ) This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. ( ② ) However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children. ( ③ ) The actual risk arises not from lifting weights itself but from poor technique, excessive load, and inadequate supervision, factors that can injure any part of a young athlete's body regardless of the activity involved. ( ④ ) Major pediatric and sports medicine organizations now generally agree that structured strength programs, when taught with correct form and appropriate weight, can safely improve bone density, coordination, and injury resistance in young athletes. ( ⑤ )