영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people believe that ①building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself ②become simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt ③occur together. When motivation is low, the model suggests, the task must ④be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option ⑤requiring the least energy.

Sleep hygiene refers to a set of simple daily habits that ①helps the body prepare for consistent, restorative rest. Experts commonly recommend going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, because an irregular schedule confuses the body's internal clock and makes it ②harder to fall asleep on demand. They also advise reserving the bedroom for sleep alone, since using the bed to study, scroll through a phone, or watch videos teaches the brain ③to associate that space with wakeful activity rather than rest. Physical environment matters as well: a cool, dark, and quiet room tends ④to produce deeper sleep than one that is warm, bright, or noisy. None of these individual habits guarantees a good night's sleep on its own, but together they form a routine that gradually trains the body to expect and enter sleep more easily, much the way a consistent set of cues trains an athlete's body ⑤to perform at a certain time each day.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply ①waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help ②preventing stiffness without disturbing the healing tissue. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, ③slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels ④do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition. Skipping this final stage, even when an athlete feels fully recovered, dramatically increases the risk of re-injury, because general strength does not automatically ⑤translate into the specific coordination that a particular sport demands.

For most of last year, Junho refreshed his social media feed constantly, ①terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him ②relaxed and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this ④unexpected calm, Junho began deleting social apps for a few hours each day. This shift in attitude reflects what psychologists now call JOMO, a mindset that treats disconnection as ⑤freedom rather than loss.

Many people believe that a new habit becomes automatic after only twenty-one days, but researchers who ①examined real behavior found a different number. Researchers measured how automatic each action felt over time and found that habits needed an average of sixty-six days to become ②effortless. Yet the actual time varied ③widely, ranging from about eighteen days for simple habits to over two hundred days for difficult ones. This wide range explains why the popular twenty-one-day claim, though easy to remember, ④frequently matches real experience. For instance, flossing might feel automatic within a few weeks, while jogging every morning may take months to feel ⑤natural.

Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces ①better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops ②rapidly within a single day of insufficient recovery, eventually producing persistent exhaustion, declining performance despite continued hard work, and increased susceptibility to illness and injury. Adolescents may be especially vulnerable, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules. Warning signs are often ③subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed. Recovery from full-blown overtraining syndrome can take ④months rather than days, which is why sports medicine specialists now emphasize monitoring early warning signs and scheduling rest before symptoms ⑤worsen.

Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. By February, she had already quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept called ___________. This idea, developed by psychologists, means forming a specific if-then plan that links a certain situation to a certain action in advance. Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes.

Goal-setting theory has influenced not only classrooms but also workplaces around the world. (A) Many companies now train managers to set specific quarterly targets rather than simply asking employees to 'do their best.' (B) As a result, employees often report clearer priorities and a stronger sense of accomplishment. (C) These targets typically include measurable numbers, such as sales figures or project deadlines.

Many self-help books emphasize the cue-routine-reward loop as a tool for building better habits. (A) For example, athletes who want to build a stretching habit often rely on a specific cue, such as arriving at the gym, to trigger the same short routine every time. (B) Over time, this consistent pairing strengthens the neural pathway connecting the cue to the routine, making the behavior feel almost automatic. (C) According to this model, every habit consists of three connected parts: a cue that triggers behavior, a routine that follows, and a reward that reinforces it.

Jihun wanted to start stretching every day but kept forgetting no matter how many notes he left himself. (A) After a month, he no longer needed to think about it, because the smell of coffee alone reminded him to stretch. (B) He decided to try habit stacking by connecting the new habit to something he already did without fail each morning. (C) Since he never skipped making coffee before school, he began stretching for five minutes while the coffee machine ran.