영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on ①managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, ②known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles ③shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours ④to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often ⑤produce careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later.

Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely ①leads to meaningful improvement. According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals ②produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests ③that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which ④require goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy ⑤to track and evaluate.

When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed ①evenly across the globe. Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the ②largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most ③severe droughts and floods. This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ④ethical question that science alone cannot answer. For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands ⑤fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken, all powered by AI models trained to recognize facial features in real time. What began as a playful novelty has become a ①default setting for many users, subtly adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: people increasingly compare their unfiltered reflection in a mirror to a filtered version of themselves seen constantly on a screen, a comparison that earlier generations never had to ②face. Some social media platforms have responded by ③labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape. Whether such small warnings can meaningfully ④worsen the daily flood of filtered images, however, remains an ⑤open question that researchers are only beginning to study.

Only a decade ago, translation apps produced sentences so ①awkward that users often laughed at the results rather than trusting them. Today, many of these apps rely on neural networks that analyze entire sentences at once, capturing context instead of translating word by word. This shift has made everyday tasks such as reading a foreign menu or chatting with an overseas friend remarkably ②chaotic. Frequent travelers now point their phone cameras at street signs and receive an ③instant translation overlaid on the screen. Even so, the technology still struggles with humor, sarcasm, and cultural nuance, areas where a single wrong word can ④completely change the intended meaning. For this reason, professional translators argue that these apps are best treated as a helpful ⑤starting point rather than a final, polished result.

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that ___________. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.

Time blocking is a time-management technique in which a person divides the day into fixed blocks. ___________. Instead of relying on a loose to-do list, the person decides exactly when each task will start and end. This approach lowers the mental effort of deciding what to do next, since the schedule already provides the answer. It also limits multitasking, because each block is reserved for only one activity at a time. For instance, a student may block ninety minutes for math practice, leaving no room for messages or web browsing. Another student may reserve an evening block solely for vocabulary review, treating that time like a fixed appointment. Because each block has a clear boundary, unfinished work is less likely to quietly spread into the next task. Many people who adopt time blocking feel more organized throughout the day.

The two-minute rule offers a simple but powerful strategy for anyone who struggles to begin a new habit. (A) Once the habit of showing up regularly is established, the duration or intensity of the activity can gradually increase without much resistance. (B) The idea behind this rule is that most people quit a new habit not because the activity itself is difficult, but because starting feels intimidating. (C) By reducing a habit to something as simple as reading one page or doing one push-up, the initial hesitation to begin nearly disappears.

주어진 문장: Researchers have found that people who use this method are significantly more likely to follow through on their goals than those who rely on willpower alone. Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. ( ① ) By February, she had already quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept called implementation intentions. ( ② ) This idea, developed by psychologists, means forming a specific if-then plan that links a certain situation to a certain action in advance. ( ③ ) Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes. ( ④ ) She also prepared a backup plan: if she felt too tired, then she would study for just ten minutes instead of skipping entirely. ( ⑤ ) Because these plans removed the need to decide anything in the moment, starting became far easier for Minji. By December, she had studied for eleven straight months, proving that clear if-then plans beat vague intentions.

주어진 문장: This fear of missing out, often shortened to FOMO, drives many shoppers to act faster than they normally would. Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a short period of time. ( ① ) Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally increases how much people desire an item. ( ② ) When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. ( ③ ) For instance, a sneaker company that releases only a few thousand pairs of a special design can generate long lines outside stores overnight. ( ④ ) However, this psychological pressure can lead to purchases that are driven by fear rather than genuine need. ( ⑤ ) As a result, some shoppers later regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.