영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions ①have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities ②that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ③slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can ④protects consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, ⑤recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice ①carries real physiological costs. A cold muscle is stiffer and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly ②asked to contract forcefully. Gradually raising body temperature through light activity increases blood flow to the muscles, ③allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, ④easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already primed rather than ⑤adjust on the fly.

When people encounter ①solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still ②dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may ③unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can ④protect a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data ⑤rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling ①exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock, which governs sleep, hunger, and alertness, continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. ②Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more ③severe symptoms than flying westward, because advancing the internal clock forward is generally harder for the body than delaying it. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help ④speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself. Without such adjustments, travelers may continue to experience disrupted sleep and reduced concentration for ⑤several minutes after a long international flight.

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers. Consequently, many companies now ___________.

As artificial intelligence grows more capable of performing tasks once considered exclusively human, many people wonder which skills will remain valuable in the future. However, most researchers argue that AI still struggles with tasks requiring genuine empathy, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving in unfamiliar situations. Similarly, AI can generate countless design variations, yet it lacks the lived experience that allows humans to judge which idea truly resonates with people. For this reason, educators increasingly emphasize skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence, arguing that ___________.

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why _______________. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity also builds new capillaries within muscle tissue and improves how cells throughout the body respond to insulin.

Many students assume that old social media posts disappear once enough time has passed. (A) A few years later, however, a teacher reviewing her application happened to notice an old, unkind comment she had posted and forgotten. (B) Minji, for instance, once left a careless comment mocking a classmate, assuming no one would ever see it again. (C) This experience taught her that a digital footprint, the lasting trail left by online activity, can resurface at unexpected moments.

주어진 문장: This constant awareness of human presence is what distinguishes cobots from older industrial machines. Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. ( ① ) Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors to detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. ( ② ) This technology allows humans and machines to share the same workspace without the risk of dangerous accidents. ( ③ ) In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment and fine motor skills. ( ④ ) This division of labor increases overall efficiency, since each side contributes what it does best. ( ⑤ ) Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries and higher worker satisfaction.

주어진 문장: This explains why progress often feels rapid and motivating during the earliest days of learning something new. The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. ( ① ) Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a useful level. Unlike theories claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more modest goal. That goal is simple competence for everyday use. ( ② ) According to supporters, practicing any new skill produces the fastest visible improvement, since a beginner has room to grow. ( ③ ) Someone learning guitar can typically strum simple chords and follow a basic song within twenty hours of daily practice. ( ④ ) Likewise, a language learner may soon order food or ask directions without years of formal study. ( ⑤ ) Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch. The hours should be aimed at fixing weaknesses rather than repeating what one already knows.