영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Have you ever ①feel a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can ②differ from actual clock time. Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity ③process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, ④making time feel as though it is dragging. When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, ⑤unaware of how many minutes have passed.

Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern ①called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work ②cause people to delay starting a task rather than begin it. Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels ③overwhelming. They then postpone the work to avoid ④facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that ⑤feels good enough.

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Smart speakers have quietly become a fixture in many households, responding to spoken requests for weather updates, music, or kitchen timers. Behind this ①simple exchange lies a complex process: the device converts sound waves into text, interprets the meaning using language models, and then generates a spoken reply, all within a second or two. Because these assistants ②improve by learning from millions of interactions, they gradually become better at recognizing regional accents and casual phrasing that once confused them. Still, the technology remains far from ③perfect. Background noise, overlapping voices, or an unusual sentence structure can cause the assistant to misunderstand a simple request, sometimes with ④flawless results. Engineers continue to refine these systems, but many admit that truly natural conversation remains one of the hardest ⑤goals in the entire field of artificial intelligence.

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to ①underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an ②idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later prove far too ③optimistic once delays appear. One reason this bias persists is that people ④rarely review their history of missed deadlines, relying instead on hopeful imagination. By anchoring predictions to real outcomes, planners can produce estimates that are considerably more ⑤inaccurate.

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful tools that companies use to reach young consumers. Unlike traditional advertisements, which often feel distant and impersonal, posts created by influencers seem more like advice from a trusted friend. This sense of closeness, built through years of sharing daily life online, makes followers more willing to trust product recommendations than ordinary commercials. For example, a skincare brand promoted by a popular lifestyle influencer can sell out within hours simply because her audience believes her opinions are honest. However, this trust can be exploited when influencers promote products they have never actually tried. As a result, several countries now require influencers to clearly disclose paid partnerships before posting sponsored content. Consumers are becoming more cautious, checking whether reviews are sponsored before making a purchase. In the end, influencer marketing ___________.

Many self-help books emphasize the cue-routine-reward loop as a tool for building better habits. (A) For example, athletes who want to build a stretching habit often rely on a specific cue, such as arriving at the gym, to trigger the same short routine every time. (B) Over time, this consistent pairing strengthens the neural pathway connecting the cue to the routine, making the behavior feel almost automatic. (C) According to this model, every habit consists of three connected parts: a cue that triggers behavior, a routine that follows, and a reward that reinforces it.

주어진 문장: Faced with this uncertainty, many people begin editing their online behavior far more cautiously than before. Social media researchers use the term context collapse to describe what happens when a single online post reaches audiences that would normally remain separate in offline life. ( ① ) In daily interactions, people naturally adjust their tone and content depending on whether they are speaking with family, close friends, or professional colleagues. ( ② ) However, a typical social media feed merges these distinct audiences into one undivided crowd, since a single post can simultaneously reach parents, employers, and casual acquaintances. ( ③ ) Consequently, users often struggle to decide which version of themselves to present, knowing that a joke suitable for close friends might seem unprofessional to a supervisor. ( ④ ) For example, a party photo posted for friends could later damage someone's reputation if an employer notices it. ( ⑤ ) This tension forces many users to either self-censor heavily or maintain multiple separate accounts tailored to different audiences.

주어진 문장: This flexibility, however, comes with a hidden cost that many workers overlook. Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. ( ① ) Many companies that once required workers to commute daily now allow them to complete tasks from home. ( ② ) Supporters argue that remote work increases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. ( ③ ) It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, widening the pool of candidates. ( ④ ) Critics, however, worry that remote work weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. ( ⑤ ) Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships.

주어진 문장: Researchers have found that people who use this method are significantly more likely to follow through on their goals than those who rely on willpower alone. Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. ( ① ) By February, she had already quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept called implementation intentions. ( ② ) This idea, developed by psychologists, means forming a specific if-then plan that links a certain situation to a certain action in advance. ( ③ ) Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes. ( ④ ) She also prepared a backup plan: if she felt too tired, then she would study for just ten minutes instead of skipping entirely. ( ⑤ ) Because these plans removed the need to decide anything in the moment, starting became far easier for Minji. By December, she had studied for eleven straight months, proving that clear if-then plans beat vague intentions.