영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and restarts during sleep, often because the muscles at the back of the throat relax too much and block the airway. Each pause can last from a few seconds to over a minute, and it may occur dozens of times in a single night without the sleeper ever ①waking up fully. Because these interruptions rarely produce a clear memory the next morning, many people remain ②unaware that anything is wrong, even as chronic fatigue, headaches, and irritability build up over months. Doctors therefore rely less on a patient's own account of the night and more on objective measurements, such as overnight oxygen levels and airflow patterns ③recording in a sleep laboratory. ④Left untreated, the disorder has been linked to serious long-term risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease, which makes an accurate diagnosis far more urgent than its subtle nighttime symptoms might ⑤suggest.

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice ①known as carbohydrate loading. The strategy ②is design to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often ③call hitting the wall. Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals ④matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised ⑤to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day.

Have you ever ①feel a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can ②differ from actual clock time. Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity ③process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, ④making time feel as though it is dragging. When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, ⑤unaware of how many minutes have passed.

Aerobic exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling at a steady pace, ①strengthens the heart by forcing it to pump larger volumes of blood with each beat. Over weeks of consistent training, the heart gradually enlarges and becomes more efficient, meaning it can deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles while ②beating fewer times per minute. This adaptation explains why trained athletes often have a much lower resting heart rate than sedentary individuals of the same age. Beyond the heart itself, aerobic activity encourages the body ③building new capillaries within muscle tissue, improving the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at a cellular level. Researchers have also found that regular aerobic exercise ④reduces inflammation throughout the body and improves the way cells respond to insulin. Because these benefits accumulate gradually rather than appearing overnight, most exercise physiologists recommend ⑤maintaining a consistent routine for at least several months before expecting dramatic improvements in endurance.

Climate scientists frequently warn about tipping points, thresholds beyond which a small additional change triggers a large, often irreversible shift in the climate system. Unlike ①gradual warming, which unfolds steadily over decades, crossing a tipping point can produce ②dramatic consequences within a short period. For instance, as Arctic ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight than reflective ice, accelerating further melting in a self-⑤reinforcing cycle. Similarly, scientists worry that a major ocean current, which currently redistributes heat across the planet, could slow dramatically if enough freshwater from melting glaciers dilutes the surrounding seawater. Once such thresholds are crossed, restoring the original balance may become nearly ③possible, even if emissions are later reduced. Therefore, researchers argue that preventing these transitions matters more than merely slowing average temperature increases. Identifying how close each system stands to its threshold remains one of the most ④urgent challenges in climate research.

Smartphones, tablets, and computer screens all emit a significant amount of blue light, a short-wavelength light that our eyes are especially sensitive to. During the day, exposure to blue light from the sun helps keep us ①drowsy and mentally sharp, which is generally beneficial. At night, however, the same wavelength can interfere with the body's natural preparation for sleep. Specialized cells in the retina detect blue light and send signals to the brain's internal clock, ②suppressing the release of melatonin, the hormone that signals it is time to rest. Studies have found that people who scroll through their phones in bed before sleeping take longer to fall asleep and experience ③lighter, more easily disrupted sleep than those who avoid screens. Some devices now offer a night mode that shifts the display toward ④warmer tones, reducing blue light output in the evening. While this feature may help slightly, sleep researchers generally recommend limiting screen use altogether in the hour before bedtime for the best ⑤results.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, _______________.

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Supporters argue that this technology could ___________, since computers do not need rest and can react faster than humans in emergencies.

Understanding the perfectionism-procrastination cycle can help students break free from a frustrating pattern of delay. (A) This fear does not mean perfectionists lack motivation; rather, it pushes them to delay the task in order to avoid confronting their own high standards. (B) As a result, many perfectionists end up completing work at the last possible moment, which paradoxically increases the likelihood of the very mistakes they feared. (C) When someone holds unrealistic expectations for a task, the fear of falling short often becomes so intense that starting the task itself feels dangerous.

The technology listens to audio, breaks it into individual sounds, and matches those sounds against a massive library of words and phrases to predict what was actually said. Turning on automatic captions used to mean settling for garbled text full of obvious errors, but recent speech-recognition models have made same-language captions accurate enough that many viewers now leave them on by default, even when watching content in their native language. ( ① ) For viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing, this improvement has quietly transformed everyday access to video content that once required a human transcriber and a considerable amount of time to caption properly. ( ② ) The system still stumbles over overlapping speakers, strong accents, and specialized vocabulary such as medical or technical terms. ( ③ ) It occasionally produces captions that are unintentionally funny. ( ④ ) Even with these flaws, most users agree that imperfect captions are far more useful than no captions at all. ( ⑤ )