영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours ①spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. AI travel planners now compress much of that work into a short conversation, ②asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. The tool draws on enormous amounts of data, including flight prices, seasonal weather patterns, and reviews ③leaving by previous travelers, to suggest a route that avoids obvious scheduling conflicts. Many travelers appreciate ④having a solid starting point rather than a blank page. Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly generic, often ⑤steering users toward the same popular landmarks.

문제 2

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle ①known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time ②is scheduled for it. Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours ③refined a report that was already complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work ④requires far less effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently ⑤without sacrificing quality.

문제 3

Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, the body's internal clock naturally shifts later, ①making it difficult for teenagers to fall asleep before eleven at night. Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, ②forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. It can also disrupt the hormones ③that regulating appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with ④delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules ⑤remains a slow and contentious process.

문제 4

Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. By February, she had already ①quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept ②called implementation intentions. Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes. She also ③prepared a backup plan: if she felt too tired, then she would study for just ten minutes instead of skipping entirely. Because these plans removed the need to decide anything in the moment, starting became ④far more easily for Minji. By December, she had studied for eleven straight months, ⑤proving that clear if-then plans beat vague intentions.

문제 5

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only ①abandon about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, which ②restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far ③exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships are ④close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain largely ⑤unnoticed.

문제 6

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems ①contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only ②occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess ③similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably ④harder, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue delivering ⑤fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot offer.

문제 7

Even a modest level of dehydration, as little as two percent of body weight lost through sweat, can measurably reduce an athlete's endurance and cognitive sharpness during competition. (A) Dehydration also impairs the body's ability to regulate its own temperature, since sweating is the primary mechanism for releasing excess heat during intense exercise. (B) As fluid levels drop, blood volume decreases, forcing the heart to work harder to deliver the same amount of oxygen to working muscles, which accelerates fatigue. (C) Athletes competing in hot, humid conditions therefore face a particularly difficult balance, since sweating heavily to stay cool simultaneously depletes the very fluids needed to sustain performance.

문제 8

Not all environmental changes happen at the same steady pace. (A) A well-known example involves melting Arctic ice, which exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight and speeds up further melting in a self-reinforcing cycle. (B) Once this kind of threshold is crossed, reversing the damage becomes extremely difficult, which is why scientists consider identifying these points an urgent priority. (C) Some changes accumulate slowly and predictably, while others can suddenly accelerate once a critical threshold, known as a tipping point, is crossed.

문제 9

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. (A) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide. (B) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. (C) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them.

문제 10

The psychological weight of that pressure can undermine skills that otherwise feel completely automatic in practice. Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment. ( ① ) Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes called choking under pressure. ( ② ) Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests is nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes to reinterpret the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, as signs of readiness rather than danger. ( ③ ) Structured breathing exercises and pre-performance routines also help athletes regain a sense of control before a decisive moment. ( ④ ) Over time, repeated exposure to high-pressure situations in practice, deliberately simulated to resemble real competition, allows athletes to build tolerance the same way their muscles adapt to physical training. ( ⑤ )