영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Researchers who ①study teenagers have found a strong link between how well students sleep and how well they perform in school. Students who sleep fewer than seven hours a night tend to score lower on tests of memory and attention than those who ②sleep eight or nine hours, even when the two groups study for the same number of hours. One explanation is that sleep plays an active role in learning: during certain stages of sleep, the brain replays and strengthens information ③encountered during the day, converting fragile short-term memories into more durable long-term ones. When sleep is cut short, this consolidation process is interrupted before it can finish, so material that seemed well understood the night before often ④feel unfamiliar the next morning. For this reason, some schools have begun rethinking early start times, reasoning that an extra hour of sleep might do more for test scores than an extra hour of studying ever ⑤could.

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them ①to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that ②protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while ③claim to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or ④demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels ⑤natural rather than threatening.

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the ①opposite approach. Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely. This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help ②clear metabolic byproducts that accumulate during hard exercise more efficiently than complete stillness does. Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity ③accelerates healing considerably and may even reduce the perceived soreness that follows a hard session. The key distinction lies entirely in ④intensity: active recovery is not a second workout in disguise but a deliberately gentle session designed to support, rather than compete with, the body's underlying repair ⑤mechanisms.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe _______________. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.

Parents and coaches sometimes worry that heavy resistance training might damage the growth plates in a young athlete's bones, cartilage regions near the ends of long bones responsible for lengthening as a child develops. (A) This concern kept strength training out of many youth programs for decades. (B) However, extensive research over the past twenty years has found little evidence that properly supervised resistance training harms growth plates in healthy children. (C) The actual risk, researchers now believe, arises not from lifting weights itself but from poor technique, excessive load, and inadequate supervision.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track. (A) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new. (B) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. (C) Professional musicians, however, remain divided, since a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects.

Many self-help books emphasize the cue-routine-reward loop as a tool for building better habits. (A) For example, athletes who want to build a stretching habit often rely on a specific cue, such as arriving at the gym, to trigger the same short routine every time. (B) Over time, this consistent pairing strengthens the neural pathway connecting the cue to the routine, making the behavior feel almost automatic. (C) According to this model, every habit consists of three connected parts: a cue that triggers behavior, a routine that follows, and a reward that reinforces it.

주어진 문장: Word of their success quickly spread beyond the village's borders. A small riverside village had endured severe flooding almost every summer, watching helplessly as rising water damaged homes and destroyed crops year after year. ( ① ) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather. ( ② ) Engineers widened the drainage canals surrounding the village, allowing excess rainwater to flow away more efficiently instead of pooling in low-lying streets. ( ③ ) Meanwhile, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, even though leaving their long-time homes was emotionally difficult. The village also installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. ( ④ ) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced. ( ⑤ ) Their resilience became a model for neighboring communities.

주어진 문장: In other words, those who did the least to cause the problem often end up paying the highest price for it. When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. ( ① ) However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed unevenly across the globe. ( ② ) Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. ( ③ ) This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. ( ④ ) For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

Some researchers worry that casual users may misinterpret a single unusual reading as a serious problem, leading to needless anxiety rather than useful insight. Modern sports wearables, from wrist-worn fitness trackers to smart insoles embedded in running shoes, continuously collect data that would once have required a laboratory to measure. ( ① ) Heart rate, sleep quality, running cadence, and even subtle changes in gait can now be monitored during ordinary daily activity rather than only in a controlled clinical setting. ( ② ) Coaches use this constant stream of information to detect early warning signs of overtraining, sometimes noticing a decline in performance before the athlete consciously feels tired. ( ③ ) However, the flood of data has created a new challenge: distinguishing a meaningful pattern from ordinary daily fluctuation requires expertise that many amateur athletes simply do not have. ( ④ ) For this reason, most experts recommend treating wearable data as a general trend to observe over time, not as a precise diagnostic tool. ( ⑤ )