영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which ①explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone ②who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, ③provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life ④are somehow inadequate. Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently ⑤triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem.

Soyeon joined an online study group chat where dozens of students ①planned a class project together every evening. When one member suggested ②skip a required survey step to save time, several others quickly agreed, and no one raised any objections. Soyeon privately worried that skipping the survey might ③weaken their project, but seeing everyone else nodding along, she stayed silent rather than risk sounding difficult. The group proceeded confidently, convinced their shortcut was harmless, until their teacher ④pointed out serious gaps once the project was submitted. She realized that the chat's friendly, unified atmosphere had actually ⑤discouraged critical thinking, making poor decisions feel completely normal at the time.

Soojin started posting short cooking videos on her phone during her last year of high school, never imagining it could become a career. At first, only a handful of friends watched her clips, and she nearly quit after several months without noticeable growth. She kept ①experimenting, however, adjusting her editing style and posting more consistently despite the discouraging numbers. Everything changed when one video ②demonstrated a simple recipe unexpectedly reached millions of viewers overnight. Brands began contacting her, ③offering payment in exchange for featuring their products in future videos. Within a year, Soojin was earning more from her online content than most entry-level jobs would ④have paid her. Looking back, Soojin realizes that persistence, rather than luck alone, ⑤transformed her hobby into a sustainable profession.

The metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds, has begun ①generate job opportunities that did not exist just a few years ago. Companies now hire virtual world designers who build digital environments ②where users can socialize, shop, or attend events. Avatar designers create digital identities ③that represent users within these spaces, blending artistic skill with technical programming knowledge. Some analysts remain skeptical, ④pointing out that the metaverse has not yet attracted the massive user base that early predictions promised. Nevertheless, major companies continue ⑤investing heavily in this technology.

The subscription economy refers to a business model in which consumers pay a recurring fee to access goods or services rather than owning them outright. This model has expanded ①slowly beyond entertainment platforms into areas such as clothing, food, and even transportation. Companies benefit from predictable revenue, which allows them to plan production and marketing more ②efficiently than with one-time sales. For example, a monthly clothing subscription delivers new outfits ③automatically, saving customers the time and effort of shopping in stores. However, some critics argue that subscriptions encourage people to pay for services they ④barely use. Consequently, experts recommend reviewing subscription lists ⑤regularly to avoid unnecessary expenses.

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most ①serious threats facing modern companies. In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has ②decreased across nearly every industry. These specialists design systems that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. Unlike many technical fields, cybersecurity requires constant learning, since hackers continually develop new methods to ③bypass existing defenses. Despite this expansion, experts estimate that millions of cybersecurity positions worldwide remain ④unfilled, largely because the number of qualified applicants has not kept pace with rapidly increasing demand. This shortage suggests that cybersecurity will remain a ⑤promising career path for years to come.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be ①beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a ②darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. ③Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause ④severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must recognize that a screen does not erase moral responsibility, and platforms should ⑤weaken accountability rather than letting anonymity excuse harmful conduct.

Daniel's career reflects how much the space industry has changed since he was a child. (A) As a result, he came to believe that opportunities in space exploration were no longer limited to a small number of government scientists. (B) By the time he entered university, private companies had begun launching satellites and building reusable rockets. (C) This shift eventually led him to join a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future.

Many economists have studied how automation affects different sectors of the economy, and their research reveals a consistent pattern. (A) For example, manufacturing plants that adopted robotics saw production speed double within five years, while the number of routine assembly jobs fell sharply. (B) As a result, workers today are encouraged to develop skills that complement machines rather than compete with them, such as creativity and critical thinking. (C) At first, automation mainly affected repetitive manual tasks in manufacturing, but it has since spread into administrative and even creative fields.

This mismatch between internal time and local time is the true source of the problem, not the flight itself. Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock, a condition widely known as jet lag. ( ① ) The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock, which governs sleep, hunger, and alertness, continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. ( ② ) Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. ( ③ ) Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because advancing the internal clock forward is generally harder for the body than delaying it. ( ④ ) Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself. ( ⑤ ) Without such adjustments, travelers may continue to experience disrupted sleep and reduced concentration for several days after a long international flight.