영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

As artificial intelligence grows more capable of performing tasks once considered exclusively human, many people wonder which skills ①remains valuable in the future. AI can now analyze data, generate text, and even diagnose certain medical conditions ②with impressive accuracy. However, most researchers argue that AI still struggles with tasks ③requiring genuine empathy, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving in unfamiliar situations. A machine can recommend a treatment plan based on statistics, but it cannot comfort a frightened patient the way a compassionate nurse ④can. For this reason, educators increasingly emphasize skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence, ⑤arguing that these human capabilities will become more valuable.

Retailers frequently rely on sales events to boost short-term revenue, but the psychology behind these promotions is more complex than simple discounting. When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively ①perceive the new price as a bargain. This technique, ②known as anchoring, shapes how shoppers judge value by comparing prices rather than evaluating a product on its own merits. Limited-time sales further intensify this effect, since a ticking clock ③encourage rushed decisions that leave little room for careful comparison. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest scarcity, even when inventory ④remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers ⑤to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price.

Retailers use a variety of techniques ①designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that ②create a false sense of urgency. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, ③making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ④exploits human psychology rather than genuinely informing consumers about a product's value. Shoppers who understand these strategies are better equipped ⑤to resist them.

Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products ①extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z ②prioritize a company's values, switching brands easily if one no longer matches their beliefs. They also tend to ③favor secondhand and resale platforms, viewing sustainability as an important factor. Peer recommendations shared through short videos frequently carry ④less weight than traditional celebrity endorsements, since viewers see these creators as relatable rather than distant figures. Businesses that fail to adapt to these preferences risk losing an entire generation of potential customers, so many companies now invest in ⑤authentic engagement.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, known as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Some brands print vague terms such as "natural" or "eco-conscious" on packaging without providing any evidence to support these labels. Consumers, who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to ___________.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms _______________.

Consumers today are bombarded with eco-friendly slogans on almost every product they buy. (A) Behind many of these slogans, however, lies a deceptive practice called greenwashing, in which companies exaggerate their environmental efforts without making real changes. (B) Consumers can avoid being fooled by such tactics by checking for recognized certifications and transparent, independently verified reports rather than trusting catchy labels alone. (C) For instance, a firm may highlight one eco-friendly product line while its factories continue to pollute rivers and emit large amounts of carbon.

Introducing cobots into a factory requires careful planning to ensure both safety and productivity. (A) Once installed, however, cobots must be closely monitored, since their sensors can occasionally malfunction in noisy or crowded environments. (B) Engineers must first program the robots to recognize the exact boundaries of each worker's movement space. (C) After this initial setup, cobots can be integrated gradually, starting with simple tasks before taking on more complex ones.

주어진 문장: Vague intentions, by contrast, give the brain no clear signal about when effort should begin or end. Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely leads to meaningful improvement. ( ① ) According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. ( ② ) This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. ( ③ ) To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which requires goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. ( ④ ) For instance, a student following this framework might say, 'I will memorize thirty new words every week for two months.' Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy to track and evaluate. Challenging goals also tend to increase motivation, since people often work harder when a target feels meaningfully difficult rather than trivially simple. ( ⑤ )