영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which ①explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone ②who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, ③provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life ④are somehow inadequate. Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently ⑤triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem.

In recent years, mental health experts have ①identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear ②triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they ③anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. For example, some students report ④feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are encouraged to join community projects, since taking constructive action tends to ⑤restoring a sense of control and ease overwhelming distress.

As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status ①have become increasingly urgent. Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, ②which means they are not entitled to minimum wage guarantees or paid sick leave. Companies favor this arrangement because it allows them ③to avoid the costs associated with hiring full employees. Worker advocates, however, argue that many platform workers ④depend on these jobs as their primary source of income. Several countries have recently begun reconsidering their labor laws, ⑤proposed new categories that would grant workers some protections.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems ①contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only ②occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess ③similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably ④harder, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue delivering ⑤fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot offer.

Mira had lived in a coastal village since birth, watching the tide creep closer to her family's doorstep every year. When the sea finally ①swallowed the rice paddies that had fed her village for generations, her parents decided that staying was no longer possible. Together with many neighbors, they packed what little they could carry and moved inland, becoming what experts now call climate migrants, people forced to ②abandon their homes because of rising seas, droughts, or other disasters. This term, rarely used a decade ago, has become increasingly ③common as extreme weather displaces communities worldwide. Mira missed her old house terribly, yet she slowly began to build a new life in the crowded city, learning to adapt just as her ancestors once had. International organizations, however, still ④manage to agree on how to protect people like her, since climate migrants are not officially ⑤recognized as refugees under current law.

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain largely unnoticed. Therefore, Dunbar's number reminds us that ___________.

Sociologist Erving Goffman argued that people constantly perform for others, much like actors managing their image on a stage, a concept known as impression management. This idea applies vividly to social media, where users select flattering photos and delete posts that might damage their reputation. Such careful curation allows people to present an idealized version of themselves that emphasizes achievements while hiding struggles or ordinary moments. However, when this performance becomes constant, a troubling gap can form between one's authentic self and the polished character displayed online. Maintaining that gap requires considerable emotional energy, and studies suggest it often leads to anxiety and exhaustion. Furthermore, comparing one's own carefully staged life to others' equally staged posts can distort what people believe is normal. Therefore, _______________.

The growing presence of AI in creative fields has sparked lively discussion among artists and critics alike. (A) In contrast, some artists worry that relying too heavily on such tools may weaken the value placed on original human creativity. (B) Many artists have embraced AI as a way to explore new styles quickly and overcome creative blocks. (C) Given these opposing views, most experts now agree that AI works best as a partner rather than a replacement for human creators.

Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before refining them by hand. Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. ( ① ) The software has studied thousands of existing songs, learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than copying any single source directly. ( ② ) For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. ( ③ ) Professional musicians, however, remain divided. ( ④ ) Others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once relied on to build a career. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This small change in placement, researchers found, was enough to shift eating habits without anyone noticing. Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. ( ① ) Nobody is forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. ( ② ) This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. ( ③ ) Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. ( ④ ) For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. ( ⑤ ) Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.